Introduction

A chatbot is a software application designed to simulate

conversation with human users through text or voice interactions.

Chatbots are commonly used for customer service, information

retrieval, and user engagement across websites, messaging apps,
and voice assistants.

Deep learning chatbots can improve over time with more data and
can perform tasks like answering questions, engaging in dialogue,
and offering personalized recommendations.

AI chatbots in the medical field serve as virtual assistants that

facilitate patient interaction and support.

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 Deep Learning Techniques in Chatbot
 Feedforward Neural Network (FNN)

 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)

 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks

 Natural Language Processing (NLP)

 Transformers

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 Importance of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)

RNN Key Concepts :

Sequential Data Processing: RNNs process input data one element at a time while maintaining
a hidden state that captures information about previous elements in the sequence.

Hidden State: The hidden state is a vector that contains information about the sequence
processed so far.

Weights and Activation Function: At each time step, RNNs apply weights to the current input
and the previous hidden state.

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RNN in Medical Chatbot :

Patient Histories: Medical chatbots often need to analyze a patient's medical history, which can
be presented as a sequence of symptoms or treatments.

Treatment Recommendations: By learning from sequences of medical treatments and outcomes,

RNNs can help suggest appropriate treatment options based on patient-specific information.

Adaptability: As medical knowledge evolves, RNNs can adapt to include new treatments,
medications, and health guidelines, ensuring that the chatbot remains current and reliable.

Feedback Loop: RNNs can be trained continuously with new data, allowing medical chatbots to
learn from user interactions over time, improving their understanding and response accuracy.

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 Literature Survey

Summary of IEEE Papers on AI Chatbots

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[1] Sanjay Chakraborty, Hrithik Paul, Ankith Kumar, “An AI-Based Medical Chatbot Model
for Infectious Disease Prediction”, IEEE Access, 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3227208, 13
December 2022

Methodology: The paper surveys the whole procedure of developing a chatbot by dividing
the process into segments such as speech-to-text conversion, natural language processing,
response generation, knowledge base creation, dialogue management, text-to-speech etc.
Accuracy: The survey reports LSTM can achieve accuracy up to 94.32%
Drawbacks:
• Its performance depends heavily on the training data and model accuracy.
• The model’s complexity, particularly with LSTM, can affect performance on lower-
end systems.
• Additionally, the chatbot might struggle with flexibility when handling unusual or rare queries​.

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[2] Lekha Athota,Lekha Athota, Nitin Pandey, “Chatbot for Healthcare System Using
Artificial Intelligence”,IEEE, 10.1109/ICRITO48877.2020.9197833, 15 September 2020

Methodology: The chatbot's methodology involves receiving a text-based query from the
user, followed by preprocessing steps like tokenization, stop word removal, and feature
extraction using N-gram and TF-IDF techniques, RDBMS, SVM (improve accuracy).
Accuracy: Ranges from 70 to 80%.
Drawbacks: The chatbot does not use advanced deep learning models like Recurrent
Neural Networks (RNNs) or Transformer-based models.

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[3] Girija Attigeri, Ankit Agarwal and Sucheta V. Kolekar, “Advanced NLP Models for
Technical University Information Chatbots: Development and Comparative
Analysis”, IEEE Access, 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3368382, 20 February 2024.

Methodology: Data pre-processing steps include tokenization, stemming, and creating a

Bag of Words. Neural networks, particularly Feed Forward and LSTM models, are used
for training.
Accuracy: Can achieve an accuracy of 97.38%.
Drawbacks: The chatbot models may suffer from overfitting, which limits performance
on unseen queries. They rely heavily on the quality and quantity of training data, making
them vulnerable to biases.

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[4] Lasha Labadze ,Maya Grigolia and Lela Machaidze, “Role of AI chatbots in education”,
Labadze et al. Int J Educ Technol High Educ , 10.1186/s41239-023-00426-1, 31 October
2023.

Methodology: The systematic review employs predefined search criteria and screening
processes to ensure relevant studies are included. The discussion is refined using stylistic
suggestions from a Large Language Model (LLM).
Accuracy: The survey reports NLP can achieve accuracy of 80-90%
Drawbacks: The main drawbacks of AI chatbots in education include reliability issues, as
they may provide inaccurate or biased information, and challenges in fair assessment, where
distinguishing between student work and AI-generated content becomes difficult.

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[5] Sunil Panjabi, Vighnesh Sethuram , Vignesh Ramachandran, “Chatbot Using
API:Human to Machine Conversation”,IEEE , 10.1109/GCAT47503.2019.8978336,
03 February 2020.

Methodology: The methodology for implementing the railway support chatbot using
Dialogflow involves defining clear objectives and user journeys, then setting up the
Dialogflow platform to create and train intents based on potential user queries.(Integrated
with external APIs).
Accuracy: Not given but can vary from 85% to 90%
Drawbacks:
 Dialogflow may struggle with maintaining context over long conversations or understanding
nuanced user intents.
 Collecting user data for improving the chatbot's performance raises concerns about user
privacy and data security.

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 Problem Statement
The task is to develop a medical chatbot using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to assist
users by processing and understanding their health-related queries with high accuracy. The
chatbot must effectively analyze sequential input data, such as patient symptoms and medical
history, leveraging well-structured datasets to provide accurate responses, suggest potential
conditions, and recommend appropriate actions or treatments. It should handle the complexity
of natural language variability, maintain context across interactions, and deliver personalized,
context-aware responses in real-time, while addressing challenges like vanishing gradients
and ensuring robust performance on diverse datasets.

This limitations can be overcome using deep learning (DL) techniques, specifically Recurrent
Neural Networks (RNNs). By leveraging RNNs, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units.
DL techniques will be applied to train the model on diverse medical datasets, enhancing its
ability to manage the complexity of natural language, improve prediction accuracy, and offer
real-time suggestions for potential conditions and treatments.

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 References
[1] Sanjay Chakraborty, Hrithik Paul, Ankith Kumar, “An AI-Based Medical Chatbot Model for
Infectious Disease Prediction”, IEEE Access, 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3227208, 13 December 2022
[2] Lekha Athota,Lekha Athota, Nitin Pandey, “Chatbot for Healthcare System Using Artificial
Intelligence”,IEEE, 10.1109/ICRITO48877.2020.9197833, 15 September 2020
[3] Girija Attigeri, Ankit Agarwal and Sucheta V. Kolekar, “Advanced NLP Models for Technical
University Information Chatbots: Development and Comparative Analysis”, IEEE Access,
10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3368382, 20 February 2024
[4] Lasha Labadze ,Maya Grigolia and Lela Machaidze, “Role of AI chatbots in education”, Labadze et al.
Int J Educ Technol High Educ , 10.1186/s41239-023-00426-1, 31 October 2023.
[5] Sunil Panjabi, Vighnesh Sethuram , Vignesh Ramachandran, “Chatbot Using API:Human to Machine
Conversation”,IEEE , 10.1109/GCAT47503.2019.8978336, 03 February 2020.

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Thank
You