Grade 7

Unit 8:
Data Collection,
Organization, and
Interpretation Mathematics
Lesson 1
Lesson x.y
Data Collection and
Lesson Title
Sampling Techniques

Mathematics
 Learning Competency

At the end of this lesson, the learners should be able to investigate

different data collection and sampling techniques.

3
 Learning Targets

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to do the following:

● Define statistics and identify its branches.

● Determine the different ways of gathering data and sampling
techniques.
● Apply the appropriate data-gathering technique and sampling
technique in a given situation.

4
Do you often feel an obligation
to present gifts during special
occasions? In such cases, do
you also anticipate receiving
gifts in return? Many ponder
whether it is more fulfilling to
give than to receive during
these events.
5
A survey conducted by SWS in
December 2018 sheds light on
this matter: 74% of adults
believe that giving gifts is more
rewarding, whereas 22% prefer
receiving them. Are you
surprised by these findings?

6
Bridging the gap between personal experiences and
empirical data, statistics has become an important
tool in many areas of our lives. Disciplines such as
medicine, psychology, education, and sociology rely
heavily on statistical analysis to enhance our
understanding and improve various aspects of our
lives.

7
In this lesson, you will learn about statistics, the
different ways to collect data, and different
techniques for choosing samples.

8
 Essential
Questions

1.Why is it important to
understand the difference
between a sample and a
population?

9
 Essential
Questions

2.How do statistical
instruments help in data
collection?

10
 Prerequisite Skill

● Interpreting graphs
Warm up!

Instructions:
1. Choose one from the topic below and research about it.
a. Bullying rate in NCR
b. top richest people in the Philippines
c. use of artificial intelligence (AI) in art
2. Read about one of the topics above and write down three things
you learned. Share what you learned in class.

12
Warm up!

Guide Questions:
1. Why is it important to research?
2. How can the Internet help in conducting research?

13
 Learn about It

Statistics
It is a branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, organizing, and
interpreting data to address a certain phenomenon

Example:
Determining the top 10 richest people in the country requires the use of
statistics.
 Learn about It

Population
It is the set of all data under a study.

Example:
A study about the average height of Grade 7 learners of a school will be
conducted. Learners will be selected from each section from Grade 7.
The population is all Grade 7 learners of the school.
 Learn about It

Sample
It is the set of data drawn from the population.

Example:
A study about the average height of Grade 7 learners of a school will be
conducted. Learners will be selected from each section from Grade 7.
The sample is the selected learners from each section of Grade 7.
 Learn about It

Branches of Statistics
Descriptive statistics is a branch of statistics that summarizes and
describes important characteristics of the population or a sample.

Inferential statistics is a branch of statistics used to draw conclusions,

make predictions, and make decisions about the characteristics of a
population by looking at the information contained in a sample.
 Learn about It

Statistical Instruments
Researcher-completed instruments are instruments to be filled by
the researcher.

Examples:
Examples of researcher-completed instruments are rating scales,
interview schedules/guides, tally sheets, flowcharts, performance
checklists, and observation forms.
 Learn about It

Statistical Instruments
Subject-completed instruments are instruments filled by the subject
of the study or the ones being studied.

Examples:
Examples of subject-completed instruments are questionnaires, self-
checklists, attitude scales, personality inventories, and
achievement/aptitude tests.
 Learn about It

Kinds of Data
Ungrouped data are data presented in its raw form. Grouped data are
data presented in the form of frequency distribution.

Examples:
A researcher gathered data regarding the grades of learners in Math.
Ungrouped data consists of the grades of learners in raw form, such as
89, 91, 78, 95, etc. If the data is presented using a frequency
distribution, the data becomes grouped data.
 Learn about It

Sources of Data
Primary data are data coming from firsthand information, considered
original, and have not undergone any statistical treatment.

Examples:
Primary data can be collected by personal investigation, hiring trained
investigators, questionnaires, conducting surveys, or doing personal
interviews.
 Learn about It

Sources of Data
Secondary data are secondhand information already collected by
someone and used for a particular purpose.

Examples:
Secondary data can be collected by reading the research of other
researchers, studies of research organizations, or articles from journals
and newspapers.
 Learn about It

Probability Sampling
This uses some form of random selection.

In simple random sampling, every member of the population has an

equal chance of being selected.

In systematic sampling, members of the sample are selected from the

population by selecting a starting point and selecting the members by
counting intervals.
 Learn about It

Probability Sampling
In stratified sampling, the total population is divided into smaller
groups based on common characteristics.

In cluster sampling, members of the population are grouped based on

clusters. Clusters are usually based on location.
 Learn about It

Probability Sampling
Example:
A study among 30 plants will be conducted. To determine the sample,
each plant is labeled from 1 to 30. Then, pieces of paper from 1 to 30 are
placed on a bowl, and 5 papers are drawn from the paper. These will
become part of the sample. This sampling technique is an example of a
simple random sampling since every member of the population has an
equal chance of being selected.
 Learn about It

Nonprobability Sampling
It does not use some form of random selection.

In convenience sampling, the samples are selected from the

population based on the researchers’ convenience.

In quota sampling, the researcher decides how to divide the sample

based on the relevant characteristics of the population. Then, they will
look for samples that fit the characteristics until the quota is met.
 Learn about It

Nonprobability Sampling
In purposive sampling, samples are chosen according to
characteristics of interest.

In snowball sampling, participants are asked to refer possible

participants to join the study. This is used when participants have traits
that are difficult to find.
 Learn about It

Nonprobability Sampling
Example:
A researcher plans to conduct a study about the thinking patterns of
chess players. In this scenario, he invited known chess players from the
internet. This sampling technique is an example of a purposive sampling
since a specific characteristic is considered in selecting the participants.
 Let’s Practice

Example
Levy conducts a study about the preferred career choices of teenagers.
He gave the participants a questionnaire that they had to fill out. What
kind of instrument is Levy using?

29
 Solution to Let’s Practice

Solution:
In the given scenario, the questionnaire is being filled out by the
participants. Thus, the instrument is a subject-completed instrument.

30
 Let’s Practice

Example
A school has 500 learners. The school wants to study the learning styles
of the learners. They selected 200 random learners to participate in the
study. In this situation, what is the population and sample?

31
 Solution to Let’s Practice

Solution:
The population is the set of all data under a study. In this case, the
population is the 500 learners of the school.

The sample is the set of data drawn from the population. In this case,
the sample is the 200 randomly selected learners in the school.

32
 Did You Know?

The famous British nurse Florence Nightingale, often hailed as the

pioneer of modern nursing, used data collection methods in the
1850s to improve healthcare. She meticulously gathered data on
soldiers' mortality rates during the Crimean War and used her
findings to advocate for better sanitary conditions in hospitals.
This early form of data analysis not only saved lives but also laid
the groundwork for modern epidemiology.
 Tips

When you are working with statistics, it is crucial to always double-

check your data sources for reliability and accuracy, ensuring that
the foundation of your research is solid. Equally important is the
specificity of data collection. When you collect data, you should be
very clear and specific to avoid any confusion. However, it is
essential to balance this with the understanding that a larger
sample size can lead to more reliable results. While aiming for a
more extensive sample, you must also ensure that it remains
manageable and representative of the population under study, to
maintain the integrity and applicability of the research.
 Practical Applications

The concept of data collection and sampling techniques can be

applied in different fields.

Healthcare and Medicine

Medical researchers use sampling techniques to study health
trends, disease outbreaks, and treatment effectiveness. For
example, by sampling a group of patients, researchers can
evaluate the impact of a new medication on public health.
 Practical Applications

Market Research
Businesses frequently use data collection methods to understand
consumer preferences and market trends. Through surveys and
customer feedback, companies can tailor their products and
services to meet customer needs more effectively.

Government Policy Making

Governments rely on data collection and sampling to inform policy
decisions. For example, census data is crucial for understanding
demographic changes and planning public services accordingly.
 Practical Applications

Social Sciences
In fields like sociology and psychology, researchers use these
methods to study human behavior and social patterns. This
research can lead to a deeper understanding of societal issues and
human interactions.
 Try This
To be done individually

Ginny plans to conduct an interview with teachers regarding their

experiences and challenges in teaching. She prepares a set of
questions and writes down the responses as the interview is ongoing.
What kind of instrument is Ginny using?
 Practice Your Skills
To be done individually

Caroline wants to learn about the motivation of the employees in her

company. She created a survey and asked her employees to answer
the survey. What kind of data did she gather?
 Challenge Yourself
To be done in groups of two to five

A network company plans to conduct a study about their users’

experiences in using their Internet connection. They plan to give a
survey to their users. They divided their users into the following
categories: teenagers, adults, and seniors. Then, they selected random
users from the following categories to participate in their survey. What
kind of sampling technique is used here?
Key Points

● Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with

collecting, organizing, and interpreting data to address a
certain phenomenon.
● A population is the set of all data under a study, and a
sample is the set of data drawn from the population.
● Descriptive statistics is the branch of statistics that
summarizes and describes important characteristics of the
population or a sample. Inferential statistics is the
branch of statistics used to draw conclusions, make
predictions, and make decisions about the characteristics of
a population by looking at the information contained in a
sample.
Key Points

● Researcher-completed instruments are instruments to

be filled by the researcher. Subject-completed
instruments are instruments filled by the subject of the
study or the ones being studied.
● An ungrouped data is data presented in its raw form. A
grouped data is data presented in the form of frequency
distribution.
● Primary data are data coming from firsthand information,
considered original, and have not undergone any statistical
treatment. Secondary data are secondhand information
already collected by someone and used for a particular
purpose.
Key Points

● Probability sampling uses some form of random

selection.
○ In simple random sampling, every member of the
population has an equal chance of being selected.
○ In systematic sampling, members of the sample are
selected from the population by selecting a starting
point and selecting the members by counting intervals.
○ In stratified sampling, the total population is divided
into smaller groups based on common characteristics.
○ In cluster sampling, members of the population are
grouped based on clusters. Clusters are usually based
on location.
Key Points

● Nonprobability sampling does not use some form of

random selection.
○ In convenience sampling, the samples are selected
from the population based on the researchers’
convenience.
○ In quota sampling, the researcher decides how to
divide the sample based on relevant characteristics of
the population. Then, they will look for samples that fit
the characteristics until the quota is met.
○ In purposive sampling, samples are chosen according
to characteristics of interest.
Key Points

○ In snowball sampling, participants are asked to refer

possible participants to join the study. This is used
when participants have traits that are difficult to find.
 Synthesis

Wrap-Up
1. What is it important to collect data?
2. Why is sampling important in statistics?

46
 Synthesis

Application and Values Integration

1. How can you apply data collection techniques in your daily life?
2. What values are important in data collection?

47
 Synthesis

Bridge to the Next Topic

1. How will understanding data collection help you in learning about
frequency distribution tables?
2. What are the similarities between data collection and organizing data
in tables?

48
Attributions

● Slide 4: Collage of happy multiracial people avatars on various backgrounds by Prostock-studio is

licensed
Slide under of
no.: [name Envato License
file], by via Envato
[Author] Elements.
is licensed under [licensing code] via [source].

Slide 4: Blue
● Slide and Red litmus papers, by Kanesskong is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via
7 & 8:
Wikimedia Commons.
Man gives to his woman a gift box with red ribbon. Hands of man gives surprise gift box for girl by
maxbelchenko is licensed under Envato License via Envato Elements.

49
References

Dovetail Editorial Team. “Stratified vs. cluster sampling.” Accessed March 14, 2023.
Peregoy, Suzanne, and Owen F. Boyle. Reading, Writing, and Learning
https://dovetail.com/research/stratified-vs-cluster-sampling/. in ESL. New York: Longman, 1997.

Puzo, Mario.Lynn.
McDonald, The Godfather.
“Florence New York: Signet,
Nightingale: 1978.
Social Theory and Methodology.” Paper for the ASA Meetings.
Department of Sociology. University of Guelph. Toronto. 1997.
Redmon, Allen H. “How Many Lebowskis Are There? Genre, Spectatorial
https://cwfn.uoguelph.ca/short-papers-excerpts/social-theory-and-methodology/. Authorship, and The Big
Lebowski.” Journal of Popular Film & Television 40, no. 2 (2012): 52–61. doi:10.1080/
01956051.2011.613422
“Sampling Methods.” BYJU’s. Accessed Retrieved January 9, 2024.
https://byjus.com/maths/sampling-methods/.

Vijayamohan, Parvathi. “Systematic Sampling 101: Definition, Types and Examples.” SurveySparrow.
Accessed. July 31, 2023. https://surveysparrow.com/blog/systematic-sampling/.

50