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GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1.What happens if
you do not cite
your source/s?
THE IMPORTANCE
OF CITING
SOURCES.
• AVOIDS PLAGIARISM: --------PROPER CITATION GIVES
CREDIT TO THE ORIGINAL CREATORS OF CONTENT AND
PREVENTS THE THEFT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.

• Increases credibility: ---------------Citing reputable sources

strengthens the authority of your work and supports your
arguments with verified information.
THE IMPORTANCE
OF CITING
SOURCES.
• ALLOWS FOR FACT-CHECKING: -------CITATIONS ENABLE
READERS TO TRACE THE SOURCES OF INFORMATION,
ENSURING ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY.

• Encourages further research: -----------------By providing

citations, readers can explore additional resources and
deepen their understanding of the topic.
THE IMPORTANCE
OF CITING
SOURCES.
• SHOWS ACADEMIC HONESTY: ---------ACKNOWLEDGING
OTHERS' CONTRIBUTIONS DEMONSTRATES INTEGRITY
AND ADHERENCE TO ETHICAL ACADEMIC PRACTICES.

• Facilitates collaboration: -------------Citations create a

foundation for collaborative work by connecting your
ideas with a broader body of knowledge.
THE IMPORTANCE
OF CITING
SOURCES.
• SUPPORTS DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES: -----------CITING
MULTIPLE SOURCES SHOWS YOU HAVE CONSIDERED
DIFFERENT VIEWPOINTS, ENRICHING YOUR DISCUSSION.

• Contributes to knowledge building: ---------Proper citation

ensures that knowledge evolves in a structured and
respectful manner, supporting future research efforts.
 PLAGIARISM
PLAGIARISM IS WHEN SOMEONE TAKES ANOTHER
PERSON'S WORK, IDEAS, OR WORDS AND PRESENTS
THEM AS THEIR OWN WITHOUT GIVING CREDIT. IT'S
LIKE COPYING SOMETHING FROM SOMEONE ELSE
WITHOUT ASKING OR ACKNOWLEDGING THAT IT
CAME FROM THEM.
YOU ARE PLAGIARIZING
IF YOU ARE:

• Copying and pasting text: Directly using someone else’s words

from a book, website, or article without giving credit.
• Paraphrasing without citation: Rewriting someone else's ideas in
your own words but not citing the original source.
• Using images or graphics without permission: Including photos,
charts, or illustrations from another source without
acknowledging where they came from.
YOU ARE PLAGIARIZING
IF YOU ARE:

• Submitting someone else’s work as your own: Handing in an

assignment, paper, or project that was created by another person.
• Not using quotation marks: Quoting someone’s exact words without
using quotation marks or providing a reference.
• Self-plagiarism: Reusing your own previously submitted work without
permission or citation.
YOU ARE PLAGIARIZING
IF YOU ARE:

• Incorrect citation: Providing incomplete or incorrect information about

the source, which can make it difficult to trace back to the original.
• Using too much of someone else's work: Even if you cite the source,
relying heavily on someone else’s content without contributing original
ideas or analysis can be considered plagiarism.
• Failing to credit collaborators: Not acknowledging the contributions of
others when working on a group project or research.
 LET’S QUIZ
1. Plagiarism means taking someone else's work or ideas and
passing them off as your own.
2. Plagiarism is only a problem in academic settings, not in
professional or creative fields.
3. Giving credit to the original author is essential to avoid
plagiarism.
4. Plagiarism affects the integrity and credibility of the person
committing it.
5. It is okay to copy large portions of text from an author as
long as you include a citation at the end.
LET’S QUIZ
6. Plagiarism undermines trust in academic and professional
communities.
7. Even if you plagiarize unintentionally, you can still face serious
consequences.
8. Plagiarism is important because it harms the original creator and
devalues their work.
9Paraphrasing does not require citation if the ideas are put into
your own words.
10. Being aware of plagiarism helps maintain honesty and ethics in
both learning and professional environments.
 LET’S QUIZ
1. Why is it important to cite sources in academic work?
a) To avoid reading too many sources
b) To show that you can copy others' work
c) To give proper credit to original authors
d) To make your paper longer
2. Citing sources helps you avoid which of the following?
a) Making your paper too short
b) Plagiarism
c) Using too many ideas
d) Receiving good feedback
 LET’S QUIZ
3. Which of the following is a key benefit of citing sources?
a) It shows that you have done research and can back up your claims
b) It makes your paper look more complicated
c) It allows you to copy someone else's work
d) It increases the word count of your paper
4. What does citing a source allow readers to do?
a) Skip reading your paper
b) Identify and locate the original sources of your information
c) Replace your ideas with their own
d) Use the information without citation
 LET’S QUIZ
5. Citing sources demonstrates which of the following values?
a) Creativity
b) Academic honesty and integrity
c) Time management
d) Independence
6. Which of the following is a consequence of failing to cite sources properly?
a) Higher grades
b) Improved writing skills
c) Academic penalties, such as failing a course or being expelled
d) More research opportunities
 LET’S QUIZ
7. Which of the following is NOT a reason to cite sources?
a) To avoid accusations of plagiarism
b) To support your arguments with credible evidence
c) To make your paper look longer
d) To show respect for intellectual property
8. Which of these is true about citing sources?
a) It shows you are knowledgeable and well-read on the topic
b) It helps reduce the number of citations in your paper
c) It makes your paper more entertaining
d) It hides the fact that you used outside sources
 LET’S QUIZ
9. Citing sources helps to do which of the following?
a) Highlight your ability to paraphrase without citation
b) Add credibility and authority to your writing
c) Keep your work entirely personal and original
d) Make the research process shorter

10. What is the role of a citation in research writing?

a) To make sure readers know the sources are old
b) To confuse readers about your sources
c) To help readers verify the information and follow up on your research
d) To discourage others from using the same sources
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CITATION STYLES

1.APA
-American Psychological Association (APA)
-Documentation style recommended for researchers
in the behavioral and social sciences.
-Psychology, Education, Hotel and Restaurant
Management, Business, Economics, and other Social
Science.
CITATION STYLES

1.APA
• Example: Smith, J. (2020). Understanding
Psychology: A Guide. Academic Press.
• Characteristics: Focuses on date of publication;
emphasizes clarity and brevity; includes a title
page.
CITATION STYLES

2. MLA
-MLA citation style is a set of guidelines established
by the Modern Language Association (MLA) for
writing and formatting research papers, particularly
in the humanities, such as literature, philosophy,
and history .
CITATION STYLES

2. MLA
• Example: Smith, John. Understanding Literature.
Penguin Books, 2020.
• Characteristics: Focus on the author's name and
page number; does not require a title page; uses
italics for titles.
CITATION STYLES

3. IEEE
-The IEEE citation style is a reference style
established by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE), commonly used in
technical fields such as computer science,
engineering, and information technology.

- It is characterized by the use of numbers in square

brackets to refer to sources within the text,
CITATION STYLES

3. IEEE
• Example: [1] J. Smith, Understanding Electrical
Engineering, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley,
2020.
• Characteristics: Focus on conciseness and clarity;
uses a numbered list for references.
CITATION STYLES

4. AMA
-The AMA citation style (American Medical
Association) is primarily used in medical, health, and
biological sciences. It provides guidelines for citing
sources in scholarly papers and research
publications, particularly in medical and scientific
writing.
CITATION STYLES

4. AMA
• xample: Smith J. Understanding Medicine. 2nd ed.
New York, NY: Medical Press; 2020.
• Characteristics: Focus on clarity and detail;
typically used in medical journals and
publications.
CITATION STYLES

5. CHICAGO
-The Chicago citation style, also known as Chicago
Manual of Style (CMS), is a widely used format for
writing and citation, especially in the fields of
history, literature, and the arts.
CITATION STYLES

5. CHICAGO
John Smith, Understanding History (Chicago:
University Press, 2020), 23.
Smith, John. Understanding History. Chicago:
University Press, 2020.
• Characteristics: Flexibility with two systems;
suitable for various disciplines; detailed citation
formats.
APA EXAMPLE

In-Text Citations
• Format: Author's last name and year of
publication (e.g., Smith, 2020).
• Examples:
⚬ Single Author: (Smith, 2020)
⚬ Two Authors: (Smith & Jones, 2020)
⚬ Three or More Authors: (Smith et al., 2020)
APA EXAMPLE

Reference List Format

• Example: Smith, J. (2020). Understanding

Psychology: A Guide. Academic Press.
APA EXAMPLE

Examples of Common Sources

• Books: Author, A.A. (Year). Title of work.
Publisher.
• Journal Articles: Author, A.A. (Year). Title of
article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page
range. https://doi.org/xxxx
• Webpages: Author, A.A. (Year, Month Date).
Title of page. Website name. URL
TIPS FOR COMPILING
REFERENCES
• Keep Track of Sources: Maintain a record of all sources as you
research. Note down all the required information (author, title,
date, etc.) for easy reference.
• Use a Reference Manager: Consider using software like
EndNote, Mendeley, or Zotero to organize your references and
format them in APA style automatically.
• Check for Accuracy: Ensure all entries are accurate and follow
the specific APA guidelines for formatting.