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E Commerce

The document outlines the course outcomes for an ethics class, emphasizing the differentiation between moral and non-moral problems, the influence of Filipino culture on moral experiences, and the importance of ethical frameworks. It discusses key concepts in ethics, including the significance of rules in social contexts, the characteristics of moral standards, and the nature of moral dilemmas. Additionally, it highlights the role of freedom and reason in morality, stressing the need for impartiality in ethical decision-making.

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Loren Grace Nacis
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11 views19 pages

E Commerce

The document outlines the course outcomes for an ethics class, emphasizing the differentiation between moral and non-moral problems, the influence of Filipino culture on moral experiences, and the importance of ethical frameworks. It discusses key concepts in ethics, including the significance of rules in social contexts, the characteristics of moral standards, and the nature of moral dilemmas. Additionally, it highlights the role of freedom and reason in morality, stressing the need for impartiality in ethical decision-making.

Uploaded by

Loren Grace Nacis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ETHICS

COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Differentiate between moral and non-moral problems;
2. Describe what moral experience is as it happens in different levels of human
existence;
3. Explain the influence of Filipino culture on the way students look at moral
experiences and solve moral dilemmas;
4. Describe the elements of moral development and moral experience;
5. Use ethical frameworks or principles to analyze moral experiences;
6. Make sound ethical judgments based on principles, facts, and the stakeholders
affected;
7. Develop sensitivity to the common good; and
8. Understand and internalize the principles of ethical behavior in modern society
at the level of the person, society, and in interaction with the environment and
other shared resources.
ETHICS
TWO WAYS
 arguing backward
 arguing forward

MORAL VALUES
 objective
 subjective

ETHICS IS NOT
 checklist
 psychology
 religion
CHAPTE
R 01
INTRODUCTION:
THE KEY
CONCEPTS IN
ETHICS
ETHICS AND MORALITY
 Ethics is the branch of philosophy
that studies morality or the
rightness or wrongness of Human
conduct.
 Ethics comes from the greek word
“ethos”, meaning “character”, or
in plural, “manners”.
 Morality speaks of a code or
system of behavior in regards to
standards of right and wrong
behavior.
THE IMPORTANCE OF RULES TO SOCIAL
BEINGS
 Rules refer to explicit or
understood regulations or
principles within a
specific activity or
sphere.
 Rules tell us what is or is
not allowed in a particular
context or situation.
THE IMPORTANCE OF RULES TO SOCIAL
BEINGS
Rules benefit social beings in various
manners:
a) Rules protect social beings by
regulating behavior.
b) Rules help to guarantee each
person certain rights and freedom.
c) Rules produce a sense of justice
among social beings.
d) Rules are essential for a healthy
economic system.
MORAL VS NON-MORAL STANDARDS
Moral Non-moral
Standards Standards
 Moral standards are those concerned
with or relating to human behavior,  Non-moral standards refer to
especially the distinction between good rules that are unrelated to
and bad (or right and wrong) behavior. moral or ethical considerations.
 Moral standards involve the rules people  Either these standards are not
have about the kinds of actions they necessarily linked to morality or
believe are morally right and wrong, as by nature lack ethical sense.
well as the values they place on the
kinds of objects they believe are morally
good and morally bad.
MORAL VS NON-MORAL STANDARDS
Moral Non-moral
Standards Standards
 Non-moral standards refer to
NORMS + VALUES = MORAL rules that are unrelated to
STANDARDS moral or ethical considerations.
 Either these standards are not
necessarily linked to morality or
by nature lack ethical sense.
MORAL VS NON-MORAL STANDARDS
Characteristics of Moral
Standards
 Moral standards involve serious wrongs or significant benefits.
 Moral standards ought to be preferred to other values.
 Moral standards are not established by authority figures.
 Moral standards have the trait of universalizability.
 Moral standards are based on Impartial consideration.
 Moral standards are associated with special emotions and
vocabulary.
DILEMMA AND MORAL DILEMMA
● The term ‘dilemma’ refers to a
situation in which a tough choice has
to be made between two or more
options, especially more or less
equally undesirable ones.

● Also called ‘ethical dilemmas’, moral


dilemmas are situations in which a
difficult choice has to be made
between two courses of action,
either which entails transgressing a
moral principle.
DILEMMA AND MORAL DILEMMA
The Key Features of a Moral
Dilemma:

● The agent is required to do each of


two (or more) actions.
● The agent can do each of the
actions; but the agent cannot do
both.
● Neither conflicting moral requirement
is overridden.
THREE LEVELS OF MORAL
DILEMMA
● Personal Dilemmas: dilemmas that
are experienced and resolved on the
personal level.
● Organizational Dilemmas: refers
to the ethical cases encountered and
resolved by social organizations.
● Structural Dilemmas: moral
dilemmas that refer to cases
involving network of institutions of
operative theoretical paradigms.
THREE LEVELS OF MORAL
DILEMMA
● Personal Dilemmas: dilemmas that
are experienced and resolved on the
personal level.
● Organizational Dilemmas: refers
to the ethical cases encountered and
resolved by social organizations.
● Structural Dilemmas: moral
dilemmas that refer to cases
involving network of institutions of
operative theoretical paradigms.
FREEDOM AS A FOUNDATION OF
MORALITY

● Freedom is the power or right to


act, to speak, or to think, as one
wants without hindrance or
restraint.

● It is the right to choose even if


different from others.
FREEDOM AS A FOUNDATION OF
MORALITY

● Basically, morality is a question of


choice. Morality, practically is
choosing ethical codes, values, or
standards to guide us in our daily
lives. Philosophically, choosing is
impossible without freedom.
MORAL DIMENSION OF FREEDOM
1. The moral dimension belongs to
the realm of human freedom.

2. The moral dimension refers to


the concern for a good and happy
life.

3. The moral dimension speaks to


our sense of moral responsibility.
REASON AND IMPARTIALITY
● Reason as a requirement for
morality entails that human
feelings may be important in
ethical decisions, but they ought
to be guided by reason.

● It helps us to evaluate whether


our feelings and intuitions about
moral cases are correct and
defensible.
REASON AND IMPARTIALITY

● Impartiality on the other hand


involves the idea that each
individual’s interests and point of
view are equally important.

● Morality requires impartiality


with regard to those agents
affected by a violation of a moral
rule.

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