Cloud Computing

Unit-2
 CONTENTS :
Cloud Computing Fundamentals:
• Motivation for Cloud Computing
• The Need for Cloud Computing.
• Defining Cloud Computing.
• Definition of Cloud computing.
• Cloud Computing Is a Service.
• Cloud Computing Is a Platform.
• Principles of Cloud computing.
• Five Essential Characteristics.
• Four Cloud Deployment Models.
 Motivation for Cloud Computing
• computing resources such as hardware, software, networking, and storage;
these tasks would add cost.
• On the other hand, it is easy and handy to get the required computing
power and resources from some provider
• capital expenditure versus operational expenditure.
• cloud computing is a mechanism of bringing–hiring or getting the services
of the computing power or infrastructure to an organizational or
individual level to the extent required and paying only for the consumed
services.
• Example: electricity supply .
• cloud computing that it eliminates a large computing investment without
compromising the use of computing at the user level at an operational
cost.
• Cloud computing is very economical and saves a lot of money.
• lose our laptop or due to some crisis our personal computer—
and the desktop system—gets damaged, still our data and files
will stay safe and secure.
• The cloud represents the Internet-based computing resources,
and the accessibility is through some secure support of
connectivity.
• In the cloud computing model, an organization’s core
computer power resides offsite and is essentially subscribed
to rather than owned.
• cloud computing comes into focus and much needed only
when we think about what computing resources and
information technology (IT) solutions are required.
• Cloud computing encompasses the subscription-based or pay-
per-use service model over the Internet.
Several cloud computing applications
 The Need for Cloud Computing
• The main reasons for the need and use of cloud computing
are convenience and reliability.
• the cloud ensures that we will be able to access it with any
computer that has an Internet connection.
• The cloud also makes it much easier to share a file with
friends, making it possible to collaborate over the web.
• While using the cloud, losing our data/file is much less
likely.
• There is always a risk that someone may try to gain access
to our personal data, and therefore, it is important to
choose an access control with a strong password and pay
attention to any privacy settings for the cloud service that
we are using.
 Efficiency

• Accessibility
• Cost savings
• Security
• Disaster recovery
 Flexibility

• Scalability - Cloud is the best option for businesses

• Increased productivity.
• Automatic software updates.
• Competitiveness.
• Increased collaboration.
 Defining Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing means storing and accessing data and
programs over the Internet from a remote location or
computer instead of our computer’s hard drive.
• This so called remote location has several properties such as
scalability, elasticity etc., which is significantly different from
a simple remote machine.
 NIST Definition of Cloud Computing
• The formal definition of cloud computing comes from the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST):
“Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers,
storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction.
• Cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics,
three service models, and four deployment models.
• computing resource or infrastructure—be it server hardware,
storage, network, or application software—all available from
the cloud vendor or provider’s site/premises, can be
accessible over the Internet from any remote location and by
any local computing device.
• the usage or accessibility is to cost only to the level of usage
to the customers based on their needs and demands, also
known as the pay-as-you-go or pay-as-per-use model.
 Cloud Computing Is a Service
• The simplest thing that any computer does is allow us to store
and retrieve information. We can store our family
photographs, our favorite songs, or even save movies on it,
which is also the most basic service offered by cloud
computing. Let us look at the example of a popular
application called Flickr to illustrate the meaning of this
section.
• Flickr is an ad-supported service, free to the general public,
that allows users to upload digital photographs from their
own computers and share them online with either private
groups or the world at large. In the early 2000s it won a fast-
growing contingent of enthusiasts on the strength of its
many social-networking features, most significantly the
ability for users to discuss photographs online.
 Cloud Computing Is a Platform
• The World Wide Web (WWW) can be considered as the operating
system for all our Internet-based applications. However, one has to
understand that we will always need a local operating system in our
computer to access web-based applications.
• The basic meaning of the term platform is that it is the support on
which applications run or give results to the users. For example,
Microsoft Windows is a platform. But, a platform does not have
to be an operating system. Java is a platform even though it is not
an operating system.
• Through cloud computing, the web is becoming a platform. With
trends (applications) such as Office 2.0, more and more applications
that were originally available on desktop computers are now being
converted into web–cloud applications.
• Word processors like Buzzword and office suites like Google Docs
are now available in the cloud as their desktop counterparts. All
these kinds of trends in providing applications via the cloud are
turning cloud computing into a platform or to act as a platform.
 Principles of Cloud computing
• Principles put forth by NIST describe :
(a)The five essential characteristic features that promote cloud
computing,
(b)The four deployment models that are used to narrate the cloud
computing opportunities for customers while looking at
architectural models, and
(c)The three important and basic service offering models of
cloud computing.
 Five Essential Characteristics
• Cloud computing has five essential
characteristics :
1. On-demand self-service
2. Broad network access
3. Elastic resource pooling
Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, and
network bandwidth.
• 4. Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically
provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out
and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the
capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be
unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
• 5. Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control
and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability
at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service
(e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user
accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and
reported providing transparency for both the provider and
consumer of the utilized service.
 Four Cloud Deployment Models
• Deployment models describe the ways with which the cloud
services can be deployed or made available to its customers,
depending on the organizational structure and the
provisioning location.
• One can understand it in this manner too: cloud (Internet)-
based computing resources—that is, the locations where data
and services are acquired and provisioned to its customers—
can take various forms. Four deployment models are usually
distinguished, namely, public, private, community, and hybrid
cloud service usage:
• 1. Private cloud: The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for
exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple
consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed,
and operated by the organization, a third party, or some
combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.
2.Public cloud: The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open
use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and
operated by a business, academic, or government
organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the
premises of the cloud provider.
3.Community cloud: The cloud infrastructure is shared by
several organizations and supports a specific community that
has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements,
policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed
by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise
or off premise.
4. Hybrid cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a composition of
two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private,
community, or public) that remain unique entities but are
bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that
enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting
for load balancing between clouds).
 Three Service Offering Models
• The three kinds of services with which the cloud-based
computing resources are available to end customers are as
follows: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a
Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). It is
also known as the service–platform–infrastructure (SPI)
model of the cloud.
• SaaS is a software distribution model in which applications
(software, which is one of the most important computing
resources) are hosted by a vendor or service provider and
made available to customers over a network, typically the
Internet.
• PaaS is a paradigm for delivering operating systems and
associated services (e.g., computer aided software
engineering [CASE] tools, integrated development
environments [IDEs] for developing software solutions) over
the Internet without downloads or installation.
• IaaS involves outsourcing the equipment used to support
operations, including storage, hardware, servers, and
networking components.
1. Cloud SaaS: The capability provided to the consumer is to
use the provider’s applications running on a cloud
infrastructure, including network, servers, operating
systems, storage, and even individual application
capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-
specific application configuration settings.
The applications are accessible from various client devices
through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser
(e.g., web-based e-mail), or a program interface. The
consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure. Typical applications offered as a service
include customer relationship management (CRM), business
intelligence analytics, and online accounting software.
• 2. Cloud PaaS: The capability provided to the consumer is to
deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or
acquired applications created using programming languages,
libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider.
• The consumer does not manage or control the underlying
cloud infrastructure but has control over the deployed
applications and possibly configuration settings for the
application-hosting environment.
• In other words, it is a packaged and ready-to-run development
or operating framework. The PaaS vendor provides the
networks, servers, and storage and manages the levels of
scalability and maintenance. The client typically pays for
services used. Examples of PaaS providers include Google
App Engine and Microsoft Azure Services.
• 3. Cloud IaaS: The capability provided to the consumer is to
provision processing, storage, networks, and other
fundamental computing resources on a pay-per-use basis
where he or she is able to deploy and run arbitrary software,
which can include operating systems and applications.
• The consumer does not manage or control the underlying
cloud infrastructure but has control over the operating
systems, storage, and deployed applications and possibly
limited control of select networking components (e.g., host
firewalls).
• The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible
for housing, cooling operation, and maintenance. Amazon
Web Services (AWS) is a popular example of a large IaaS
provider.
• The major difference between PaaS and IaaS is the amount of
control that users have. In essence, PaaS allows vendors to
manage everything, while IaaS requires more management
from the customer side. Generally speaking, organizations
that already have a software package or application for a
specific purpose and want to install and run it in the cloud
should opt to use IaaS instead of PaaS.