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SERVLETS 01 - Introduction To Servlets

This document provides an overview of servlets in web programming, detailing their role, lifecycle, and architecture. It explains how servlets handle client requests, the steps to deploy a simple servlet, and the structure of web applications. Additionally, it outlines the servlet lifecycle methods and their functions in managing servlet operations.

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27 views28 pages

SERVLETS 01 - Introduction To Servlets

This document provides an overview of servlets in web programming, detailing their role, lifecycle, and architecture. It explains how servlets handle client requests, the steps to deploy a simple servlet, and the structure of web applications. Additionally, it outlines the servlet lifecycle methods and their functions in managing servlet operations.

Uploaded by

22cse575.saigitapatro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Servlets

Introduction

1
Objectives
At the end of this module, you will be able to:

 Describe the role of HTTP Servlet in Web Programming

 Describe and use the Servlet Life Cycle methods appropriately

2
Server-side Programming
 Static HTTP transaction - Browser requests for index.html, and Server responds with HTML
file

index.html
1. Browser 2. Server Finds
Request File
Reads the File
<html> ….
</html>
4. Browser Displays 3. Server
Page Response

HTTP (Hyper Text Transport Protocol) is the


protocol that clients and servers use on the web
to communicate
3
Server-side Programming (Contd.).
 Dynamic HTTP transaction - Browser requests OrderServlet.class, server runs program that
creates HTML, server returns HTML to browser

.php /
.cgi 2. Executes Server Program
1. Browser Request
3. May Communicate with Database
4. Creates HTML
<html> …. 5. Server returns HTML Response
6. Browser Displays Page </html>
5
3

Database

4
Web Server
 A computer having server software installed within it which serves up web pages
 A program that uses client/ server model and World Wide Web’s Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP)
 Responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients (web browsers) and serving HTTP
responses which are web pages such as HTML documents
 Popular web servers
 Apache HTTP Server (Apache)
 Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)
 Sun Java System Web Server

5
Java server-side web components
 A web component is a software entity that runs on a web server
 Provides it with the capabilities needed for dynamically handling client requests and
generating web presentation content
 The J2EE specification defines two types of web components
 Servlets
 Java Server Pages(JSPs)

Database
Application Client EJB

Web Client JSP / Servlets EJB Database

Client Tier Web Tier Business Tier EIS Tier


Client Environment J2EE Server Database Server

J2EE Application N-Tiered Architecture

6
What are Servlets?
 A Java class that runs on a web server and dynamically handles client requests

 It extends the functionality of a web server by receiving client requests and


dynamically generating a response

 Since servlets are Java-based, they are platform independent

7
Uses of Servlets
 Processing and/or storing data submitted by an HTML form
 Example: Processing data of a login form

 Providing dynamic content


 Example: Returning results of a database query to the client

 Managing state information on top of the stateless HTTP


 Example: For an online shopping cart system which manages shopping carts for many
concurrent customers and maps every request to the right customer

8
Servlet Architecture
Overview
 Java Servlet API are in packages javax.servlet
and javax.servlet.http
 Provide interfaces and classes for Servlet interface
writing servlets

 All servlets must implement Servlet interface GenericServlet class


 Defines life-cycle methods

 Extend GenericServlet class HttpServlet class


 To implement generic services

LoginServlet
 Extend HttpServlet class (a user-defined servlet)
 To implement HTTP-specific services
9
Servlets
Deploying a Simple Servlet

10
Steps for writing and deploying simple servlet
1. Set environment variables: JAVA_HOME, CATALINA_HOME, CLASSPATH, and PATH
2. Create a directory, say “MyWebApplication” in C:\Program Files\ Software
Apache Foundation\Tomcat 5.0\webapps
3. Compile your servlet say “WelcomeServlet.java” in C:\Program Files\ Software
Apache
Foundation\Tomcat5.0\webapps\MyWebApp\WEB-INF\classes directory
4. Create web.xml file and place it in C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat
5.0\webapps\MyWebApplication\WEB-INF folder
5. Start Tomcat server by double-clicking C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat
5.0\bin\startup.batch file OR by selecting Start -> Programs -> Apache Tomcat 5.0 ->
Monitor Tomcat
6. Open browser with URL: http://localhost:10000/ to check Tomcat is successfully installed
7. Give URL as http://localhost:10000/MyWebApplication/WelcomeServlet to test your servlet

11
Directory Structure of a Web application
MyWebApplication

WEB-INF

jsp files html files

classes lib tags

web.xml
*.tld

All server-side Library All .tag files


.class files Archive files

12
Demo for a Simple Servlet
 A simple HTTP Servlet that displays a Welcome message on the web
page

 Files required:
 WelcomeServlet.java
 web.xml

13
Demo for a Simple Servlet (Contd.).
 An HTTP Servlet that displays a Welcome message

import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class WelcomeServlet extends HttpServlet {


public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
res.setContentType("text/html"); // set header field first
PrintWriter pw = res.getWriter(); // then get writer & write response data
pw.println("<HTML>");
pw.println("<HEAD><TITLE>Welcome</TITLE></HEAD>");
pw.println("<BODY>");
pw.println("<H3>” + “Welcome to Java Servlet Technology!!” + "</H3>");
pw.println("</BODY>");
pw.println("</HTML>");
pw.close(); //closes the writer
}
}

14
The Web Deployment Descriptor – web.xml
 An XML file web.xml is a deployment descriptor that
describes
 mapping from URIs to application resources
 initialization parameters
 security constraints
 registration of listeners and filters
 Example: web.xml
<web-app>
<display-name>A Small Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>MyFirstServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>WelcomeServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>MyFirstServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/welcome.msg</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
15
Web Container
Web components and their container run on J2EE server
 Provides execution environment for servlets and JSPs of a web application
 Manages execution of JSP and servlet components for J2EE applications

Fig: J2EE Server and Container Types

16
Role of a Web Container
 Communication Support
 Provides an easy way for servlets to talk to web server

 Lifecycle Management
 Controls lifecycle of servlets

 Multithreading Support
 Automatically creates a new Java thread for every servlet request it receives

 Declarative Security
 Enables to configure security in an XML deployment descriptor thereby avoiding hard-coding it in
servlet or any other class code

 JSP Support
 Does JSP processing

17
How web container handles Servlet
requests
 Container creates 2 objects on receiving a for a servlet: HttpServletRequest and
request
HttpServletResponse
 Finds right servlet based on URL in the request
 Creates a thread for that request
 Passes request and response objects to the servlet thread
 Calls
 servlet’s service() method
The service() method in turn calls doGet or doPost based on type of request (Assume request
was an HTTP GET)
 The doGet method generates dynamic page and captures it in response object
 Converts response object into an HTTP response on completion of thread
 Sends this response to the client
 Finally deletes the request and response objects

18
Knowledge Checkpoint
1. Suppose you are a web developer working for an Online Movie Service. You want to use a
servlet called MovieServlet so that clients can access the latest film shows for the day in a
particular city from your movie database. Determine the correct sequence of following steps
carried out by MovieServlet when processing a request from a client

Sl.No Description
1 Check information included in the Http request
2 Access any necessary business components or data
storage
3 Set the appropriate Http response parameters
4 Read data submitted by the client
5 Send the response to the client
6 Format the results in a response

19
Servlets
Servlet Life Cycle

20
Life Cycle of a Servlet
 An HTTP servlet's life cycle is controlled by the web container where it is
deployed

Source: http://www.iam.ubc.ca/guides/javatut99/servlets/lifecycle/index.html

21
Servlet interface
 Provides methods that manage the servlet and its communications with clients
 init(ServletConfig)
Initializes the servlet. Runs once before any requests can be serviced
 service(ServletRequest, ServletResponse)
Processes a single request from the client
 destroy()
This method releases all the resources
 getServletConfig()
Returns a servlet config object and this object
contains any initialization parameters and
startup configuration information for this servlet
 getServletInfo()
Returns a string containing information about the
servlet, such as its author, version, and
copyright

22
Lifecycle Methods
 Interaction between a web server, a servlet, and a client is controlled using the life-cycle
methods
 A servlet's life cycle methods are
 init()
 service()
 destroy()
 The init() and destroy() methods will be called only once during the life time of your Servlet
 The service() and it's broken down methods ( doGet(), doPost() etc ) will be called as many
times as requests are received for them by the web container

23
Initializing a servlet
 Web container initializes servlet after web container loads and instantiates servlet class and before it
delivers requests from clients
 The init method is invoked only once during servlet's lifetime – when servlet is first created

 Override init method of Servlet interface if you want the servlet to


 Read persistent configuration data
 Initialize resources
 Perform any other one-time activities

 Two versions of init method – one that takes no arguments and one that takes a ServletConfig object
as an argument
 init( ) - use this when your servlet does not need any specific initialization
 init(ServletConfig) - use this when your servlet needs to check specific settings before completing
initialization
24
Servicing client requests
 Once servlet is loaded and initialized, the servlet is able to handle client requests
 Web container processes the requests in servlet’s service method
 Every time the server receives an incoming request for a servlet, it generates a new thread and calls the
service method
 The service method then checks the HTTP request type and calls the appropriate doXXX method
 Syntax: public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
 Role of service method
 To extract information from the request
 Access external resources
 Populate the response based on that information

25
Destroying a Servlet
 Server may unload a servlet instance
 If the servlet has been idle for some time (default is 30 minutes) or
 If the web application is undeployed or
 If server shuts down

 Before it removes the servlet, it calls destroy method only once

 Before servlets get destroyed, this method helps in


 Cleanup operations such as closing database connections
 Halting background threads
 Releasing other resources such as IO streams

 Syntax: public void destroy()


26
Summary
In this module, you were able to:

 Describe the role of HTTP Servlet in Web Programming

 Describe and use the Servlet Life Cycle methods appropriately

© 2017 wipro.co confidenti 27


Thank You

28

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