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Control System Lecture 1 Date 25-6-20

The document provides an overview of classical control systems, defining key concepts such as system, control, plant, controller, input, output, and disturbances. It distinguishes between open-loop and closed-loop systems, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Open-loop systems are simpler and more economical but less accurate, while closed-loop systems offer higher accuracy and adaptability at the cost of complexity and maintenance.

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Mujtaba Hasan
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11 views10 pages

Control System Lecture 1 Date 25-6-20

The document provides an overview of classical control systems, defining key concepts such as system, control, plant, controller, input, output, and disturbances. It distinguishes between open-loop and closed-loop systems, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Open-loop systems are simpler and more economical but less accurate, while closed-loop systems offer higher accuracy and adaptability at the cost of complexity and maintenance.

Uploaded by

Mujtaba Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTROL SYSTEM

OVERVIEW OF CLASSICAL CONTROL SYSTEM


Control System play a vital in our daily life. The
notion of Automatic Control System is basic
and well mixed in every facet of Life.
Automatic Control Systems play an important
role in advancement and improvement of
Engineering skills and Engineering knowledge.
Basic definitions in a Control System

System: An arrangement or combination of different


physical components that are connected or related together
to form an entire unit to achieve a certain object is called a
system. A classroom is an example of a physical system.

Control: The meaning of a control is to regulate , direct or


command a system so that a desired objective is obtained OR
Control means to achieve a desire goal applying command.
Plant: It is defined as the portion of a system
which is to be controlled or regulated. It is also called a
process.
Controller: It is the element of the system itself or may be
external to the system. It controls the whole plant and
process.
Input: The applied signal or excitation signal that is
applied to a control system to get a specified output is
called input.
Output: The actual response that is obtained from a
controlled system due to the application of the input is
termed as output.
Disturbances: The signal that has some adverse effects on
the value of a system is called Disturbance. If a disturbances is
produced within the system, It is termed as an internal
disturbance; otherwise, it is known as an external disturbance.
Control System: It is an amalgamation of different physical
elements linked in such a manner so as to regulate, direct or
command itself to obtain a certain object. A control system
must have (1) Input, (2) Output,(3) Ways to achieve input
and output objectives and (4) Control action.
Open loop and Closed loop System
Open loop System: A system in which control action does
not depends on output is known as Open loop System.
Examples of Open-loop system are automatic washing
machines, bread toasters, automatic milk servers, automatic
coffee servers, automatic lifts, traffic signals etc.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Open loop System
Advantages:
• These systems are simple in construction and design.
• These systems are economic.
• These systems are easy from maintenance point of view.
• Usually these systems are not much troubled with problems of
stability.
• These systems are convenient to use when output is difficult to
measure.
• These systems are less effected by noise.
Disadvantages:
• These systems are not accurate and reliable because there
accuracy are dependent on the accuracy of calibration.

• In these systems inaccurate results are obtained with


parameter variations i.e internal disturbances.

• Recalibration of the controller is required from time to time


for maintaining quality and accuracy.
Closed-Loop System:
If controlling actions of a system are somehow
dependent on output or changes in output, System is
called closed loop system. practical examples of closed
loop systems are automatic electric iron, railway
reservation status display, display motor speed
controlled by tacho generator feedback, servo voltage
stabilizer, temperature control system, etc
Advantages and Disadvantages of closed loop system
Advantages:
• In these system accuracy is very high due to correction of any
arising error.
• Since these systems sense environmental changes as well as
internal disturbances, the errors are modified.
• There is reduced effects of nonlinerity in these systems.
• These systems have bandwidth therefore high operating frequency
zone
• There are facilities of automation in these systems.
Disadvantages:

• These systems are complicated in designs, Hence these


systems are very expensive.

• These systems may be unstable.

• Require more maintenance.

• Feedback leads to oscillatory response.

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