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Perception

Priya Kumar defines entrepreneurship as a mindset characterized by vision, persistence, and responsibility rather than a mere title or capital. The document outlines the perceptual process, which includes inputs, selection, organization, interpretation, and output, and discusses factors affecting perception such as attitudes, motives, and situational context. It also covers Attribution Theory, highlighting the distinction between internally and externally caused behaviors, and introduces common shortcuts in judgment like selective perception and stereotyping.

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10 views20 pages

Perception

Priya Kumar defines entrepreneurship as a mindset characterized by vision, persistence, and responsibility rather than a mere title or capital. The document outlines the perceptual process, which includes inputs, selection, organization, interpretation, and output, and discusses factors affecting perception such as attitudes, motives, and situational context. It also covers Attribution Theory, highlighting the distinction between internally and externally caused behaviors, and introduces common shortcuts in judgment like selective perception and stereotyping.

Uploaded by

2403060
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Priya Kumar, the corporate and best

selling author of “ I Am Another You”


holds her perception of entrepreneur
as: ‘Vision and dream are enough to be
entrepreneur’. Entrepreneur is not a
designation, it is a mentality. It is the
way one thinks, not the title one owns.
Not the capital, but attitudes and
thinking are necessary. Self-driven,
sociability, reluctant to accept 'NO’ and
persistence to find out new ways till
work is done, willingness to take
responsibility, etc., can make a person
Perception

“A process by which individuals organize and


interpret their sensory impressions in order
to give meaning to their environment”
Perceptual Process
1. Inputs (Confrontation) – Inputs contain the
information about events, objects, and persons
which are fed by the sensory organs.

2. Selection (Registration) – The process of


choosing certain stimuli for further processing
is known as selection.

3. Organization – The perceptual organization


focuses on what takes place in the perceptual
process once the information from the external
situation is received.
Perceptual Process
4. Interpretation – This is the step where
meaningful picture of the event is drawn.

5. Output (Behavior/Feedback) – Output is the


result of perception.
Perceptual Process
.

Organizati Interpretati
Inputs Selection Outputs
on on

Perceptual
Mechanism
Factors That Affect Perception

1. Factors in the perceiver:

i. Attitudes
ii. Motives
iii. Interests
iv. Experience
v. Expectations
Factors That Affect Perception

2. Factors in the Target

i. Novelty
ii. Motion
iii. Sounds
iv. Size
v. Similarity
Factors That Affect Perception
3. Factors in the situation

i. Time - Context

ii. Work Setting

iii. Social Setting


Attribution Theory
“An attempt to determine whether an
individuals behavior is internally or externally
caused”.

 Internally caused behaviors are those we


believe to be under the personal control of
the individual.

 Externally caused behavior is that we imagine


the situation forced the individual to do.
Attribution Theory
There are three attempts to determine whether
a persons behavior is internally caused or
externally caused.

i. Distinctiveness – refers to whether an


individual displays different behaviors in
different situations.
Attribution Theory
ii. Consensus – if everyone who faces a similar
situation responds in the same way, we can
say the behavior shows consensus.

iii. Consistency – Does the person respond the


same way over time?
Attribution Theory
Attribution
Observation Interpretati
of course
s on
.
Hig
h External
Distinctiveness
Intern
Low al

Hig
External
Individual h
Consensus
Behavior Intern
Low al

Hig Intern
Consistency h al
Externa
Low l
Attribution Theory
 Fundamental Attribution Error: “The
tendency to underestimate the influence of
external factors and overestimate the
influence of internal factors when making
judgments about behavior of others”

 Self-Serving Bias: “The tendency for


individuals to attribute their own successes to
internal factors and put the blame for failures
on external factors”
Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging
Others
 Selective Perception: “The tendency to
selectively interpret what one sees on the
basis of one’s interests, background,
experience and attitudes”

 Halo Effect: “The tendency to draw a general


impression about an individual on the basis of
a single characteristic”

 Horns Effect
Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging
Others

 Contrast Effects: “Evaluation of a person’s


characteristics that is affected by
comparisons with other people recently
encountered who rank higher or lower on the
same characteristics”.
Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging
Others
 Stereotyping: “Judging someone on the basis
of one’s perception of the group to which that
person belongs”.

 Profiling: “A form of stereotyping in which a


group of individuals is singled out – typically
on the basis of race or ethnicity – for
intensive enquiry, scrutiny or investigation”.
Assignment
Impression Management

Is it Ethical or Unethical

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