Scribd
Upload
6 views20 pages

2.former Methods in Teaching English

The document discusses various traditional methods of teaching English, including the Grammar-Translation Method, Direct Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Structural Approach, and Cognitive Approach. Each method is analyzed for its focus, strengths, and weaknesses, highlighting the evolution of language teaching from grammar and translation to more immersive and communicative approaches. Understanding these methods is essential for improving modern teaching practices.

Uploaded by

dtulanboyeva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views20 pages

2.former Methods in Teaching English

The document discusses various traditional methods of teaching English, including the Grammar-Translation Method, Direct Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Structural Approach, and Cognitive Approach. Each method is analyzed for its focus, strengths, and weaknesses, highlighting the evolution of language teaching from grammar and translation to more immersive and communicative approaches. Understanding these methods is essential for improving modern teaching practices.

Uploaded by

dtulanboyeva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Former Methods in

Teaching English
By Tulanboyeva Dildoraxon
How did you learn English in
school? What methods were
used?
Why Do We Study Teaching
Methods?
 Understanding early methods helps improve modern
teaching.
Traditional Methods in Language
Teaching
 Before modern approaches, language
teaching focused on grammar, translation,
and memorization.
 Emphasis on reading and writing over
speaking and listening.
Key Traditional Methods
 Grammar-Translation Method (GTM)
 Direct Method (DM)
 Audio-Lingual Method (ALM)
 Structural Approach
 Cognitive Approach
Grammar-Translation Method
(GTM)
 One of the oldest methods, based on Latin and Greek
language learning traditions.
 Focuses on grammar rules, vocabulary memorization,
and translation exercises.
 Used widely in the 19th and early 20th centuries and
is still found in some educational systems.
 Grammar taught deductively (rules are explained first,
then applied).
 Emphasis on reading and writing, minimal speaking
and listening practice.
 Uses native language (L1) for explanation and
translation.
 Advantages:
1. Develops strong reading and writing skills.
2. Good for understanding complex grammar rules.
3. Helps in learning academic vocabulary.
 Disadvantages:
1. Lacks speaking and listening practice, making students
struggle with communication.
2. Rote memorization rather than meaningful use of
language.
3. Students may over-rely on translation instead of thinking in
the target language.

Example Activity:Translate the following sentence into your


native language and identify the tense used.:
“The book was placed on the table by the student.”
Direct Method (DM)
 Focuses on immersion—students learn the target
language without translation.
 Lessons are conducted entirely in the target
language.
 Oral skills are prioritized over reading and writing.
 Vocabulary is taught through demonstration,
pictures, and objects.
 Grammar is taught inductively (students discover
rules through examples).
 Advantages:
✔Improves fluency and pronunciation.
✔Encourages thinking directly in English.
✔Engaging and interactive.
 Disadvantages:
✖Difficult for beginners who rely on L1 for comprehension.
✖Grammar learning is slower, as rules are not explicitly
explained.
✖ Requires highly skilled teachers to conduct lessons without
translation.
Audio-Lingual Method (ALM)
 Developed in the 1940s and 1950s for military
language training (U.S. Army Method).
 Based on behaviorist psychology, believing
language learning comes from habit formation.
 Uses repetition and drills to reinforce correct
language use.
 Heavy focus on listening and speaking, minimal
reading and writing.
 Grammar is learned through patterns, not
explanation.
 Advantages:
✔ Effective for pronunciation and speech patterns.
✔ Helps build automatic responses in conversation.
✔ Good for beginner learners needing structured practice.

 Disadvantages:
✖ Repetitive and boring for students.
✖ Does not promote creativity in language use.
✖ Limited ability to handle real-life conversations.

Example Activity:
Teacher: “I eat an apple.”
Students repeat: “I eat an apple.”
Teacher: “He eats an apple.”
Students repeat: “He eats an apple.”
Structural Approach

 Focuses on learning language structures


(sentence patterns) step by step.
 Popular in mid-20th century.
 Language is learned through sentence structures
rather than vocabulary lists.
 Drilling and repetition reinforce learning.
 Grammar is taught in a controlled sequence.
 Advantages:
✔ Provides a strong foundation in sentence structure.
✔Helps students understand language organization.
✔ Suitable for beginner learners.

 Disadvantages:
✖ Repetitive and lacks creativity.
✖ Less emphasis on real-life communication.
✖ Does not encourage free expression.

 🔹 Example Activity:
Teacher introduces: “I can swim.”
Students repeat and substitute:“I can run.”“I can jump.”
Cognitive Approach
 Developed in response to behaviorist
methods like ALM.
 Based on cognitive psychology—language
learning involves understanding, not just
habit formation.
 Students are actively involved in learning.
 Focuses on understanding language rules
first before practice.
 Encourages problem-solving and critical
thinking..
 Advantages:
✔Develops independent learners.
✔ Helps in understanding complex grammar structures.
✔ Promotes deep learning rather than memorization.

 Disadvantages:
✖ Slower fluency development compared to direct practice
methods.
✖ Not very engaging for beginners.
✖ Can be too abstract for some learners.

 Example Activity:
Give students a set of sentences and ask them to identify the
rule behind their structure.
“He is eating.” → Present continuous
“She writes every day.” → Present simple
Summary: Comparing the Methods
Method Focus Strengths Weaknesses

Reading, writing, Develops strong No speaking or


GTM
grammar grammar skills listening practice

Immersive, improves Hard for beginners, no


Direct Method Speaking, fluency
fluency grammar explanation

Repetition, Builds automatic Rote memorization,


ALM
pronunciation speaking skills no creativity

Helps in structuring Lacks communication


Structural Approach Sentence patterns
sentences practice

Promotes Slower fluency


Cognitive Approach Understanding rules
independent learning development
“Which method do you think is
most effective?
 Each group picks one of the methods and:
✅ Prepares a 2-minute mini-lesson using that method.
✅ Teaches the class using that approach.
1. Which method focuses on translation?
2. Which method only uses the target language?
3. Which method relies on repetition and drills?
4. What is a weakness of the Direct Method?
5. Which method primarily focuses on grammar rules and
translation?
6. In the Direct Method, what is NOT allowed in the
classroom?
7. The Audio-Lingual Method is based on which
psychological theory?
8. Which method focuses heavily on repetition and drilling
exercises?
9. What is the main disadvantage of the Grammar-
Translation Method?

You might also like