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PR Voice Lesson

The document outlines the structure and components of qualitative and quantitative research, detailing the necessary parts such as the introduction, background, and significance of the study. It also describes various qualitative research designs, including descriptive, phenomenological, historical, case study, grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative. Additionally, it covers research methodologies, instruments, data treatment, and title formulation guidelines.

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11 views40 pages

PR Voice Lesson

The document outlines the structure and components of qualitative and quantitative research, detailing the necessary parts such as the introduction, background, and significance of the study. It also describes various qualitative research designs, including descriptive, phenomenological, historical, case study, grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative. Additionally, it covers research methodologies, instruments, data treatment, and title formulation guidelines.

Uploaded by

Zenro Gab Sales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M E T R O P O L I TA N I N S T I T U T E O F A R T S A N D S C I E N C E S

PRACTICAL RESEARCH
1
Q U A LI TAT IVE S T U DY

P RE PA RE D BY RE NZ F. GUILA LA S
LESSON 2:
DESIGNS, METHODS,
TECHNIQUES,
TOPIC FORMULATION, AND
PARTS OF RESEARCH
PARTS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

PRE-CHAPTER

■ Title page
■ Approval sheet
■ Acknowledgment
■ Dedication
■ Abstract
■ Table of contents
PARTS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

CHAPTER 1- The Problem and Its Background

■ Introduction
■ Background of the Study
■ Statement of the Problem
■ Significance of the Study
■ Scope and Delimitation
■ Definition of terms
CHAPTER 1- The Problem and Its Background

■ Introduction
serves as the initial gateway to your research,
captivating the reader's interest and setting the
stage for the exploration to come. Introduction
includes the following:
1. Brief summary of the topic
2. Crisis Situation
3. Reasons why you want to conduct the study
4. Methods
CHAPTER 1- The Problem and Its Background

■ Background of the Study


provides a more detailed context for the research
problem, delving deeper into the existing
knowledge, previous research, and relevant
theories surrounding the topic. Background of
the study includes the following:
1. Brief introduction if the study
2. Year when the problem started
3. Current status
CHAPTER 1- The Problem and Its Background

■ Statement of the Problem


is a concise and specific declaration of the issue
or gap in knowledge that the research aims to
address.
CHAPTER 1- The Problem and Its Background

■ Significance of the Study


explains the importance and potential impact of
the research. It highlights how the findings will
contribute to the field of study, benefit relevant
communities, or inform future research.
CHAPTER 1- The Problem and Its Background

■ Significance of the Study


explains the importance and potential impact of
the research. It highlights how the findings will
contribute to the field of study, benefit relevant
communities, or inform future research.
CHAPTER 1- The Problem and Its Background

■ Scope and Delimitation


defines the boundaries of the research study,
outlining what will be included and excluded from
the investigation.

Delimitations - boundaries set by the research


Limitations - things you can't change in the study
PARTS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

CHAPTER 2 - Review of Related


Literature and Studies

■ Review of Related Literature


■ Review of Related Studies
CHAPTER 2 - Review of Related Literature and
Studies

■ Review of Related Literature (bigger picture)


provides a comprehensive overview of existing
research, theories, and concepts related to the
research topic. It serves as a foundation for the
study, helping to identify gaps in the literature
and justify the need for further investigation.
CHAPTER 2 - Review of Related Literature and
Studies

■ Review of Related Studies (specific & similar)


focuses on previously conducted research that
directly relates to the current research problem.
It examines the methodologies, findings, and
conclusions of these studies to provide context
for the current investigation.
PARTS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

CHAPTER 3 - Research
Methodologies

■ Research Design
■ Selection of Co-researchers
■ Research Instruments
■ Questionnaire Construction
■ Treatment of Data
CHAPTER 3 - Research Methodologies

■ Research Design
is the overall strategy or blueprint that guides
the research process, from its inception to the
analysis of data. It outlines the approach,
methods, and procedures used to answer the
research questions.
CHAPTER 3 - Research Methodologies

■ Selection of Co-researchers
are individuals who collaborate with the primary
researcher on a project. They bring diverse
expertise, perspectives, and resources to the
research team.
CHAPTER 3 - Research Methodologies

■ Research Instruments
are the tools or methods used to collect and
measure data. They can range from
questionnaires and interviews to laboratory
equipment and observational techniques.
CHAPTER 3 - Research Methodologies

■ Questionnaire Construction
involves designing a set of questions to gather
information from respondents. It requires careful
consideration of question types, wording, order,
and formatting to ensure that the questionnaire
is clear, concise, and produces valid and reliable
data.
CHAPTER 3 - Research Methodologies

■ Treatment of Data
refers to the process of analyzing and
interpreting data collected through research
instruments. It involves organizing, coding, and
analyzing the data to identify patterns, themes,
and insights.
PARTS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

CHAPTER 4 - Presentation, Analysis,


and Interpretation of Data

■ Presentation of Co-researchers
■ Researchers Experience
■ Insights
PARTS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

CHAPTER 5 - Summary of
findings,
Implications, and
Recommendations

■ Summary of Findings
■ Implications
■ Recommendation
PARTS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

POST-CHAPTER

■ Protocol Letters
■ Interview Questions
■ References
■ Survey Documentation
■ Curriculum Vitae
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
DESIGNS
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

❖ DESCRIPTIVE
❖
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
❖ HISTORICAL
❖ CASE STUDY
❖ GROUNDED THEORY
❖ ETHNOGRAPHY
❖ NARRATIVE
DESCRIPTIVE (systematically describe a
population, situation or phenomenon.)

Descriptive research aims to accurately and


systematically describe a population, situation or
phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when,
how and why.

This design is applicable to both Quantitative and


Qualitative Design
PHENOMENOLOGICAL (Focused on individual’s
Lived experiences)

Phenomenology is a form of qualitative research


that focuses on the study of an individual’s lived
experiences within the world.

The title usually starts with… “The Lived


Experiences of ______________________”
HISTORICAL (Study focused of past events to
explain its relevance in the present time)

Historical research studies the meaning of past


events in an attempt to interpret the facts and
explain the cause of event. In doing so,
researchers rely heavily on primary historical
data (direct accounts of events, archival data –
official documents, personal records, and
eyewitnesses) and less frequently on secondary
historical data (textbooks, newspapers,
CASE STUDY (In-depth study about causes of
behavior) A case study is an in-depth study of
one person, group, or event.

In a case study, nearly every aspect of the


subject’s life and history is analyzed to seek
patterns and causes of behavior. It can be used in
a variety of fields including psychology, medicine,
education, anthropology, political science, and
social work.
GROUNDED THEORY (Study focused on specific
area of investigation to generate new theories)

Grounded theory (GT) is a research method


concerned with the generation of theory, which is
“grounded” (Constant Comparative Method)
focuses on a specific area of investigation that
has systematically collected and analyzed.
ETHNOGRAPHY (Direct observation within a group
of people sharing the same tradition, beliefs,
culture, in their natural environment)

Ethnography is a study through direct


observation of users in their natural environment
rather than in a lab. The objective of this type of
research is to gain insights into how users
interact with things in their natural environment.
NARRATIVE (reporting sequence of events in
chronological order)

A literary form of qualitative research. It is all


about collecting and telling stories
chronologically and in detail. The researcher
becomes the interpreter of the individual’s
stories, as opposed to a community.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
METHODS
• Observations: recording what you have seen,
heard, or encountered in detailed field notes.
• Interviews: personally asking people questions
in one-on-one conversations.
• Focus groups: asking questions and
generating discussion among a group of
people.
• Surveys: distributing questionnaires with
open-ended questions.
• Secondary research: collecting existing data in
the form of texts, images, audio or video
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
INSTRUMENTS
• Interview Questionnaire
• Interview transcripts
• Open-ended Interview questions
• Contact Center transcripts
• Texts and documents
• Audio and video recordings
• Observational notes
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
TREATMENT OF DATA
• Content analysis
A method for systematically evaluating texts to
identify patterns or features. This can be used on
a variety of texts, including survey responses,
social media posts, and customer interview
transcripts.

• Thematic analysis
A method for discovering themes in text to
deduce the meaning behind the words used.
These themes can provide key insights into the
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
TITLE FORMULATION
• 1.OBSERVE THE REQUIRED NUMBER OF
WORDINGS PRESCRIBED. 12 T 2O WORDS.
• 2.DO NOT USE ACRONYM OR ABBREVIATIONS.
• 3.AVOID OVERLY RESEARCH TOPICS.
• 4.FOLLOW THE “SMARTER” OBJECTIVES.

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