Scribd
Upload
2 views

11. Introduction to Arduino

The document introduces Arduino, an open-source microcontroller designed for accessible electronics projects, particularly for students. It covers basic components of the SparkFun Inventor's Kit, programming concepts, and provides a step-by-step guide for creating a simple LED blinking circuit using Arduino. Key programming elements include setup and loop functions, as well as the use of variables and control structures.

Uploaded by

mdrashedul.rashed2023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

11. Introduction to Arduino

The document introduces Arduino, an open-source microcontroller designed for accessible electronics projects, particularly for students. It covers basic components of the SparkFun Inventor's Kit, programming concepts, and provides a step-by-step guide for creating a simple LED blinking circuit using Arduino. Key programming elements include setup and loop functions, as well as the use of variables and control structures.

Uploaded by

mdrashedul.rashed2023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Working with Arduino:

Lesson #1: Getting Acquainted


with the Kit
What is Arduino?
Arduino is a popular “open source” single board
microcontroller. It is designed to make the
process of using electronics in multidisciplinary
projects more accessible.

This idea began in Italy and its initial


purpose was to make STUDENT design
projects more affordable than other
prototyping projects at the time.
PWR IN USB
(to Computer)

RESET

SCL\SDA
(I2C Bus)

POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND
Digital I\O
PWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)

Analog
INPUTS
Go ahead and plug your
board in!
SparkFun Inventor’s Kit
Components
Name Image Type Function Notes
Push Button Digital Input Switch - Closes Polarized, needs
or opens circuit resistor
Trim Analog Input Variable resistor Also called a
Trimpot.
potentiometer
Photoresistor Analog Input Light Dependent Resistance varies
Resistor (LDR) with light.
Relay Digital Output Switch driven by Used to control
a small signal larger voltages

Temp Sensor Analog Input Temp Dependent


Resistor
Flex Sensor Analog Input Variable resistor

RGB LED Dig & Analog 16,777,216 Ooh... So pretty.


Output different colors
SIK Components

control electrical
devices such as
volume controls
on audio
equipment.
SIK Components
The resistance of
a photo
resistor decreases
with increasing incident
light intensity.
Concepts: INPUT vs.
OUTPUT
Referenced from the perspective of the microcontroller (electrical board).
Inputs is a signal / information Output is any signal exiting the
going into the board. board.

Almost all systems that use physical computing will have some form of
output

What are some examples of Outputs?


Concepts: INPUT vs.
OUTPUT
Referenced from the perspective of the microcontroller (electrical board).

Inputs is a signal / information Output is any signal exiting the


going into the board. board.

Examples: Buttons Switches, Examples: LEDs, DC motor,


Light Sensors, Flex Sensors, servo motor, a piezo buzzer,
Humidity Sensors, Temperature relay, an RGB LED
Sensors…
Arduino Software
The language used to write code is
C/C++ and only uses TWO functions
to make a function able program.
Programming - Routines
Each Arduino program is called a SKETCH
and has two required functions, called
ROUTINES.

void setup ( ) { } - All of the code within the curly braces will be
run ONCE when the program first runs.

void loop ( ) { } - This function is run AFTER setup has finished.


All of the code within the curly braces will be run again, and again, until
the power is removed.
Programming - Syntax

// - Single line comment


/* */ - Multiline comment
{ } – used to define a block of code that starts and ends.
; - used to define the end of a line of code.
Programming - Variables

int (integer) – this stores a number in 2 bytes(16 bits) and has no decimal
places. The value must be between -32,768 and 32,768.

long(long) – Used when the integer is NOT large enough. This takes 4
bytes(32 bits) of RAM and has a range of -2,147,483,648 and
2,147,483,648.

boolean(boolean) – A simple true and false variable. It is useful because it


only takes up 1 bit of RAM.

float (float) – Used for floating decimals. It takes 4 bytes of RAM and has
a range of -3.4028235E+38 and 3.4028235E+38

char(character) – Stores one character using ASCII code (“A” = 65). Uses
1 byte of RAM
Programming – Math
Operators
These are used for manipulating numbers.

= (assignment) makes something equal to something else.


For example, x = 10*2, thus x = 20.

% (modulo) – this gives the remainder when one number is


divided by another. For example 12 % 10 gives 2.

+ (addition)
- (subtraction)
* (multiplication)
/ (division)
Comparison Operators
These are used to make logical comparisons.

== (equal to) - For example 12==10 is FALSE and 12


==12 is TRUE.

!= (not equal to) - For example 12!=10 is TRUE and


12!=12 is FALSE.

< (less than)


> (greater than)
Programming – Control
Structures
These execute code based on CONDITIONS.
Here are just a few.
if(condition) { }
else if (condition) { }
else { }

This will execute the code between the curly braces if the
condition is true, and if not test the condition of the “else if”. If that
is false , the “else” code will execute.

for (int i =0; i < #repeats; i ++) { }


Used when you would like to repeat a line of code a specific # of times.
Often called a FOR LOOP.
Programming - Digital

pinmode (pin, mode) ; - Used to address the pin #


on the Arduino board you would like to use 0-19. The
mode can either be INPUT or OUTPUT.

digitalwrite (pin, value); - Once a pin is set to output


it can be set to either HIGH (5 Volts) or LOW(0 volts).
This basically means turn ON and OFF.

Note: There are ways to use the board as analog. Those will be explained later.
Let’s Begin – Learning Goals
Learning Goals: The student will be able to:
1.Build a complete circuit using the Arduino microprocessor
2.Identify important electrical components in a circuit and explain their
use
3.Identify and apply specific elements in “C” code used to run a program
in conjunction with how a circuit is built
Lesson #1 – Blinking LED
What will you need?
Arduino, breadboard, 4 wires, 10mm LED(large
white), 560Ω resistor, USB cable.

Longer Lead is POSITIVE


LEDs
An LED (light emitting diode) emits light when
a small current passes through it. You can
identify it as it looks like a small bulb

It only works in ONE


direction. So make sure you
attach it correctly. Also it
often needs a resistor to
limit the current going to it.

Schematic symbol
Resistors
Resistors restrict the amount of electrical
current that can flow through a circuit. The
color bands indicate the VALUE of the
resistor
Note: it is easy to grab the
WRONG one so be careful.
Also, it does not matter which
way the resistor is wired.

Schematic symbol
The schematicThis is basically a SERIES circuit
where the resistor and LED are wired
one after another.

1.Run a red wire from the 5V on the


Arduino to the red strip on the BB.
2.Run a black wire from the
GROUND(GND) on the Arduino to the
blue strip on the BB.
3.Place the LED on H 22 and 21 with
the longer lead(+) of the LED in H22.
4.Place a resistor on I21 and I11.
Notice that both the resistor and LED
share row 21.
5.Run a red wire from Digital 13 port
on Arduino to F22
6.Run a black wire from J11 to the
blue strip.
Writing the code - Integers
Load up the Arduino software.

Begin by using the variable “int” or integer and


let’s tell the Arduino which port the LED is in.
Writing the code - Setup

Remember that SETUP is used for things that only need


to be done once. Therefore we must tell the Arduino that
the LED in port 13 is an output. That means when we
input data it outputs an outcome or result.
Writing the code - Loop

The next steps is telling the Arduino what we want to do


with the LED. We first need to use the digitalWrite
command to turn the LED ON. We then use the “delay”
command to specify and amount of time in milliseconds.
We then use the same command to turn it OFF then wait
again. Since this is a loop the process will repeat forever
until the power is removed.
Compile
To compile your
sketch, click the
checkmark.

Make sure your


Arduino is plugged
into an available USB
port.

Click the arrow to


upload the program to
Arduino. If everything
is attached correctly.
The LED should blink.
Circuit Diagram
Arduino Output

You might also like