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Lab4 IP slides

The document provides an overview of the Internet Protocol (IP), detailing its significance in computer networks, the structure of IP packets, and the roles of routers. It explains the concepts of IPv4 and IPv6, as well as the process of IP fragmentation, including the header format and the importance of identification, flags, and fragment offsets. Additionally, it highlights how routers use IP headers to route packets efficiently across networks.

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2 views

Lab4 IP slides

The document provides an overview of the Internet Protocol (IP), detailing its significance in computer networks, the structure of IP packets, and the roles of routers. It explains the concepts of IPv4 and IPv6, as well as the process of IP fragmentation, including the header format and the importance of identification, flags, and fragment offsets. Additionally, it highlights how routers use IP headers to route packets efficiently across networks.

Uploaded by

grumpsonu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wireshark Lab-IP

ITCE314-ITNE231
Prepared by: Rola AlOmary
Introduction

• The Internet Protocol (IP) is the primary protocol in the internet protocol family and is therefore of
fundamental importance when it comes to exchanging messages in computer networks.
• IP Address: IP address is referred as a number given to each device that belongs to the network which
utilizes Internet Protocol to communicate. It serves two main purposes: host or network interface
recognition, identifier or location addressing.
• Packet: A packet is a parcel of data that is switched between an origin and a destination via the
Internet or some other network that is based on the packet switching mechanism. Packet mainly has a
header and a payload.
• Router: A router is a network device that (serves as) a forwarding point for data packets between
computer networks. Routers carry out the traffic routing functions through the Internet.
• IPv4: Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is a protocol that tends to provide connectivity between the
computers online and that application layer is the wider application one that covers most of the
Internet communications nowadays
• IPv6: Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), the final iteration in the series of the upgrades to the Internet
Protocol, is used for the purpose of identifying, locating and routing of various computers so that traffic
through Internet can be transferred properly.
IP datagram

• A packet in IP is a meaning of both


data bits and meta information for
each network step. As part of it, there
is a header and a payload too.
• The header contains control
information like source and destination
IP addresses, what kind of IP is being
used (V4 and V6 respectively), and
others.
• The transmitted data is, in fact, carried
in the payload of the data stream. IP
header helps in locating destination by
such routers. Routers look up into the
header and check the target IP address
with their routing tables and decide
the most optimal route for the packet
through the entire network.
IP packet captured in
Wireshark

IP datagram header format


IP fragmentation

• Whenever a data packet needs to be sent via TCP/IP, the overall size is automatically checked. If the
size is above the maximum transmission unit of the respective network interface, the information
becomes fragmented i.e., deconstructed into smaller data blocks.
• By default, the packet is collected by the recipient, who accesses the fragmentation
information stored in the IP header or in the extension header. The reassembling is done by the
receiver of the fragmented datagram.
IP datagram header

• Identification: All fragments of a datagram have the


same identification number that they receive from the
sender. By matching this 16 bit field, the target host can
assign individual fragments to a particular datagram.
• Flags: Every IP header contains 3 flag bits, which
contain information and guidelines for fragmentation.
The first bit is reserved and always has the value 0. The
second bit, called “Don’t Fragment”, informs whether or
not the packet may be fragmented (0) or not (1). The
last “More Fragments“ bit indicates whether further
fragments follow (1) or whether the packet is complete
or will be completed with the current fragment (0).
• Fragment offset: This field informs the target host
about where a single fragment belongs, so that the
entire datagram can be complied again easily. The 13
bit length means that the datagram can be split into
8192 fragments.
IP
fragmentation
Example

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