Relation

Functio
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Are RELATIONS all
FUNCTIONS?
What is a
Relation?
A relation is a set of
ordered pairs.

(-3,1), (0, 2), (3, 3), &

DOMAIN: set of first coordinates (x)

Domain: { -3, 0, 3, 6}

Range: {1, 2, 3, 4}
Example:
1.List the domain and the range of the relation
{(-3,3) ; (0, 2) ; (3, 3) ; (6, 4) ; ( 7, 7)}

Domain: {-3, 0, 3, 6,
7}
Range: {3, 2, 4, 7}
Relations
- can be showed through ordered
pairs, tables, graphs or mapping
{(3, 4), (7, 2), (0, -1), (-2, 2), (-5, 0),
(3, 3)}
Table
Mapping
 Create two ovals with the domain on
the left and the range on the right.
 Elements are not repeated.
 Connect elements of the domain with
the corresponding elements in the
range by drawing an arrow.
Mapping
{(2, -6), (1, 4), (2, 4), (0, 0), (1, -6), (3,
0)}
2
-6
1
4
0
0
3
Relations
(One-to-one)

Manila Malaysia
Bangkok Philippines
Hanoi Thailand
Kuala Lumpur Indonesia
Jakarta Vietnam
Relations
(Many-to-one)

-3 3
-2
-1 2
1
2 1
3
Relations
(One-to-many)
-3
1 -2
-1
4 1
2
9 3
For a FUNCTION,
x is faithful to
exactly one y.
A FUNCTION is a
relation that
assigns each y-
value only one x-
value.
Relations
(One-to-one) FUNCTION

Manila Malaysia
Bangkok Philippines
Hanoi Thailand
Kuala Lumpur Indonesia
Jakarta Vietnam
Relations
(Many-to-one) FUNCTION

-3 3
-2
-1 2
1
2 1
3
 NOT A
Relations
(One-to-many) FUNCTION
-3
1 -2
-1
4 1
2
9 3
Are RELATIONS all
FUNCTIONS?
Not all relations are
FUNCTIONS,
though all functions
are relations.
 Characteristics of a
Function
1 | Each element in the domain X must be
matched with EXACTLY one element in range Y.
2 | Some elements in the range Y may not
be matched with any element in domain
X.
3 | Two or more elements in the domain X may
be matched with the same element in range Y.
State the domain and range of the relation
shown in the graph. Is the relation a function?
y

The relation is:

3) }
The domain is:
{ -4, -1, 0, 2, 3 } x

The range is: (-1,-2) (3,-3)

{ -4, -3, -2, 3 }

FUNCTION
 Not a
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
(4,12) (4,12)
(5,15) (4,15)
(6,18) (5,18)
(7,21) (5,21)
(8,24) (6,24)
 Not a
FUNCTION FUNCTION
 Not a
FUNCTION FUNCTION
 Not a
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
X Y X Y
1 2 1 2
2 4 2 4
1 5 3 6
3 8 4 8
4 4 5 10
5 10 6 12
Vertical Line
Test
A graph represents
a function, if and
only, no vertical
line intersects
the graph in more
than one point.
Vertical Line
Test
For a graph, the
vertical line should
pass only one
point in the graph.
 If some vertical line
If no vertical line
intersects a graph in two
intersects a graph in more
or more points, the
than one point, the graph
graph does not represent
represents a function.
y
a function.
y

x x

Not a
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
 Not a
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
 Not a
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
 Not a
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
The equation that represents a
function is called a FUNCTION
RULE.
 A function rule is written with two
variables, x and y.
 It can also be written in function
notation, f(x).
Function
Notation
 the “y” in the equation can be replaced
with f(x).
 f(x) is simply a notation to designate a
function.
 It is pronounced ‘f ’ of ‘x’.
 The ‘f ’ names the function, the ‘x’ tells
the variable that is being used.
 The INPUT

Function
Machine
OUTPUT
𝒚 =𝒇 ( 𝒙)
Input
Output Name of

Function
 4
INPUT

𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝟒 𝒙 −𝟏
The
15
Function OUTPUT

Machine
 3
INPUT

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =4 𝑥 −1
The
Function 11
OUTPUT

Machine
 3
INPUT

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =2 𝑥 − 1
The
5
Function OUTPUT

Machine
 −1
INPUT

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =2 𝑥 − 1
The
Function −3
OUTPUT

Machine
 Evaluate
if

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 Evaluate
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