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2D Graphythgxgnk

The document outlines various built-in array functions in MATLAB, such as mean, max, min, and operations for generating random numbers and plotting. It covers expressions, statements, and commands, as well as high-level 2-D plotting facilities, including customization options for line styles and markers. Additionally, it discusses multiple plots, logarithmic axes, and adding titles and labels to graphs.

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Grenlighttt
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10 views26 pages

2D Graphythgxgnk

The document outlines various built-in array functions in MATLAB, such as mean, max, min, and operations for generating random numbers and plotting. It covers expressions, statements, and commands, as well as high-level 2-D plotting facilities, including customization options for line styles and markers. Additionally, it discusses multiple plots, logarithmic axes, and adding titles and labels to graphs.

Uploaded by

Grenlighttt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Additional Array Functions.

 Expressions, Statements, Commands,


Functions.

 High-level 2-D plotting facilities.


BUILT IN ARRAY FUNCTIONS
mean(A) : Returns the mean value of the elements of A
max(A) : Returns the largest element in A
min(A) : Returns the smallest element in A
sum(A) : Returns the sum of elements of A
sort (A) : Arranges the elements in ascending order
std(A) : returns the standart deviation
det(A) : Returns the determinant of a square matrix A
dot(a,b) : Calculates the scalar product of two vectors
cross(a,b) : Calculates the cross products of a and b
inv(A) : Returns the inverse of A
diary(‘The name of the text file’) : Starts to save the following
steps
diary off :Finishes the saving
 Create a vector include 30 grades
 Sort the vector using related function
 Calculate the mean and the standart deviation of the
grades
 Save your calculation steps ?????
Expressions-Statements-Commands-Functions
Expressions
An expression is a formula consisting of variables, numbe
operators, and function names. Such as 2π as follows: 2 *
MATLAB’s response is: ans = 6.2832
Left side

Statements
Statements are frequently of the form: variable = express

EXAMPLE: s=u*t-g/2*t.ˆ2; assignment statement


A common mistake ; a+b=c

A statement which is too long to fit onto one line may be


continued to the next line with an ellipsis of at least three
dots
x = 3 * 4 - 8 ...
/ 2 ˆ 2;
High-level 2-D
plotting facilities
GENERATION OF RANDOM NUMBERS
Rand: generates uniformly distributed numbers with values
between 0 and 1
rand: Generates a single random number between 0 and 1

rand(1,n): n element random numbers between 0 and 1

rand(n): n x n matrix random numbers between 0 and 1

rand(m,n): mxn matrix random numbers between 0 and1

plot(x) : To plot data series

Application: Create 20 random numbers


and plot the graph using these numbers
Basic 2-D graphs : graphs (in 2-D)
are drawn with the plot statement.
In its simplest form: plot(y).
(plots y vs indexes)

Example : plot(rand(1, 20))


Example :
y=0:0.1:1;
y=[y' y.^2']

If y is a matrix, its columns


are plotted against element
The most common form: plot(x, y)

Example :
x = 0:pi/40:4*pi;
plot(x, sin(x))
Line styles, markers and color
Line styles, markers and colors may be selected for a
graph with a string argument to plot, e.g. plot(x, y, ’--’)
joins the plotted points with dashed lines.
Plot(x, y, ‘line specifiers’ , ‘PropertyName’, PropertyValue)

vectors
Optional: Type and color Optional properties : line
of the line markes width Marker’s size and edge,
fill colors

plot(x,y,’o’):Draws circles at the data points with no


lines joining them.

You can specify all three properties:


plot(x,sin(x), x, cos(x), ’om--’) : o, magenta, dashed
Line styles, markers and color
Plot(x, y, ‘line specifiers’ , ‘PropertyName’, PropertyValue

Line Specifiers Line Specifiers


Line Specifiers Line Specifier Line Specifie
Style Color s color rs
solid -
(Default red r magen m
) ta
Dashed -- green g Yellow y
Dotted : blue b Black k

Dash- -. cyan c white w


Line Specifiers
dot
Marke Specifie marker Specifiers marker Specifier
r rs s
Plus + cross x diomand d
circle o triangl ^ Five-pointed- p
e star

asteri * triangl v six-pointed- h


sk e star

point c square s Triangle >Or<


Line styles, markers and color
Plot(x, y, ‘line specifiers’ , ‘PropertyName’,
PropertyValue)
Property Name and Property Values
Prop. Name Val
linewidth 0.5
markersize #of points
markeredgecolor
markerfacecolor

Plot(x, y,‘- - mo’, ‘linewidth’,2, ‘markersize’,12, ’markeredgecolor’,


‘g’, ‘markerfacecolor’, ‘y’)

EXAMPLE : Plot a graph include


x-
sinx (circle, green dashed)
x-cosx(circle magenta, dashed)
Straight-line graphs are drawn by giving the
x and y coordinates:

general Form : plot([xin xfin], [yin yfin])

Example :
if coordinates (0, 1) & (4, 3)

plot([0 4], [1 3])


The fplot COMMAND
fPlot(‘function‘, limits, ‘line specifiers’)

Example : fplot(‘x^2+4*sin(2*x)-1‘, [-3


3] )
MULTIPLE PLOTS ON THE SAME AXES : HOLD COMMAND

use hold to keep the current plot on the


axes.
( with hold off)
MULTIPLE PLOTS ON THE SAME AXES: WITH SAME PLOT
FUNCTION

plot with multiple arguments:


plot(x,y, x,z,.....);
plots the(vector) pairs (x,y) and
(x,z)

(MATLAB automatically selects a


MULTIPLE PLOTS ON THE SAME AXES : WITH IN SAME MATRIX

plot(x, y) : If one of x or y is a
matrix and the other is a vector,
the rows or columns of the matrix
are plotted against the vector,
using a different color.

EXAMPLE : x= 0:0.1:1
y =[x.^2;
x.^3; x.^4]
y=y'
plot(x,y)
MULTIPLE PLOTS ON THE DIFFERENT plotyy()
AXIS :

If you are plotting two graphs


on the same axes you may find
plotyy useful—it allows you to
have independent y-axis labels
on the left and the right
Example : plotyy(x,sin(x), x,
10*cos(x))
EXAMPLES
x=1:0.1:3;
y=x.^2;
z = x.^1.2
plot(x,y,x,z)

x=1:0.1:3
y=x.^2
z =10000*x.^1.2;
plotyy(x,y,x,z)
PLOTS WITH LOGARITHMIC AXIS
• semilogy(x,y) : Plot y vs x with a log scale
for the y axis and linear scale for the x axis
• semilogx(x,y) : Plot y vs x with a log scale
for the x axis and linear scale for the y axis
• loglog(x,y) : Plot y vs x with a log scale for
both axes
EXAMPLE : x=linspace(0.1, 60, 1000)
y=2.^(-0.2*x+10);
semilogx(x,y)
OR
loglog(x,y)
PLOTS WITH SPECIAL GRAPHICS
Function Graphics

bar(x,y) Vertical Bar Plot

barh(x,y) Horizontal Bar Plot

stairs(x,y) Stairs Plot

pie Pie Plot

hist(x,y) Histogram
Tittle, Label’s, Grid, text
•If x and y are vectors, the text is written at each point. If the
text is an indexed list, successive points are labeled with
corresponding rows of the text.

title(’text’) : writes the text as a title on top of the graph.


xlabel(’horizontal’) : labels the x-axis.
ylabel(’vertical’) : labels the y-axis.

•Graphs may be labeled with : gtext(’text’) in desired location


•gtext puts a cross-hair in the graph window

The cross-hair can be positioned with the mouse or the arrow


keys. or on a graph interactively with Tools -> Edit

Grid : adds&removes grid lines to/from the current graph.


•text(x, y, ’text’) writes text in the graphics window.
“ˆ “ can be used to produce exponents in the title.
“_ “ can be used to produce exponents in the title.

Greek letter can be used precede its name


with a backslash

EXAMPLE : title('The graph of x vs \theta=x^2')

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