LESSON 2:

Module Learning Outcomes:

 Use basic functions of a computer
 Discuss basic computer concepts and definitions
 Determine what operating system you have
 Discuss functions of OS
 Navigate programs
 Locate and manage files and folders
 Discuss proper file and folder management techniques in a variety of
environments
 Take a screenshot
Computers used for:-

• Inventory tracking
• Managing budgets
• Representing company in
communication
• Searching Internet
• Organizing and accessing databases
• Designing presentations
• More efficient tasks
Hardware

Mainboard
• CPU
• RAM / ROM
• BIOS
• Buses
• CMOS Battery
Storage
• Fixed - SSD & HDD
• Removable
Input and Output
Software – Operating System

• Operating System Software

• Microsoft Windows
• Mac OS X
• Chrome OS
• Linux
Software - Additional

Additional Software
• Users create, play, listen, surf, etc.
• Install and uninstall without affecting OS

Examples:

• Microsoft Office

• Browsers: Chrome & Firefox

Security Software

• Highly sensitive business data

• Networked computers security risk
• Types of security
• Network Traffic auditing options
• Firewalls
• Anti-virus software
• Access privileges
• Authentication
• Magnetic cards
• Biometric data
• Secure logins
Operating System

What is an Operating System?

An operating system is a software package that runs applications

and serves as a communication link (interface) between the
computer hardware and the user.

The allocation of services and resources, like devices, memory,

processors, and information, is the primary duty of an operating
system.
Functions of Operating Systems

Memory Management
Process Management
Device Management
Security
Control over System Performance
Job Accounting
Error Detecting Aids
Coordination between Users and Other Software
Functions of Operating Systems

Memory Management
• For memory management, the OS performs the following tasks:
• The OS keeps track of primary memory – meaning, which user program
can use which bytes of memory, memory addresses that have already
been assigned, as well as memory addresses yet to be used.
• The OS determines the order in which processes would be permitted
memory access and for how long in multiprogramming.
• It allocates memory to the process when the process asks for it and
deallocates memory when the process exits or performs an I/O activity.
processor management

• the OS performs the following tasks:

• It keeps track of how processes are progressing.
• A traffic controller is a program that accomplishes this duty.
• Allocates a processor-based CPU to a process. When a process is no
longer needed, the processor is deallocated.
Device Management

A file system is divided into directories to make

navigation and usage more efficient. Other directories
and files may be found in these directories. The file
management tasks performed by an operating system
are: it keeps track of where data is kept, user access
settings, and the state of each file, among other things.
The file system is the name given to all of these features.
Handling Input/Output Operations
The operating system is in charge of handling various
types of inputs, such as those from the keyboard, mouse,
and desktop. Regarding all types of inputs and outputs,
the operating system handles all interfaces in the most
appropriate manner.

Security
To safeguard user data, the operating system employs
password protection and other related measures. It also
protects programs and user data from illegal access.
Control over System Performance
The operating system monitors the overall health of the system in
order to optimise performance. To get a thorough picture of the
system’s health, keep track of the time between system responses
and service requests. This can aid performance by providing
critical information for troubleshooting issues.

Job Accounting
The operating system maintains track of how much time and
resources are consumed by different tasks and users, and this
data can be used to measure resource utilisation for a specific
user or group of users.
Error Detecting Aids
The OS constantly monitors the system in order
to discover faults and prevent a computer system
from failing.

Coordination between Users and Other

Software
Operating systems also organise and assign
interpreters, compilers, assemblers, as well as
other software to computer users.
Windows vs. Mac

• Windows logo = Windows

• Apple logo = macOS
Navigate Programs
Common Terminology
• Desktop: first screen after logging in

• Window: adjustable

• Toolbar/taskbar
Shortcuts

• Cut • Undo • Save File

• Cmnd+X (Mac) • Cmnd +Z (Mac) • Cmnd +S (Mac)
• Ctrl+X (Windows) • Ctrl+Z (Windows) • Ctrl+S (Windows)
• Copy • Redo • Find
• Cmnd +C (Mac) • Cmnd +Y (Mac) • Cmnd +F (Mac)
• Ctrl+C (Windows) • Ctrl+Y (Windows) • Ctrl+F (Windows)
• Paste • New Page
• Cmnd +P (Mac) • Cmnd +N (Mac)
• Ctrl+P (Windows) • Ctrl+N (Windows)
• Select All • Open Window
• Cmnd +A (Mac) • Cmnd +O (Mac)
• Ctrl+A (Windows) • Ctrl+O (Windows)
Shortcuts (cont.)
Practice Question 1

Which option is an example of security used to protect business information

and data?

A. Open operating system software

B. Magnetic card authentication
C. Company passwords by department
D. Downloading programs from the internet onto company servers
Practice Question 2

What type of operating system does an Apple computer use?

A. Microsoft Windows
B. Linux
C. Unix
D. MacOS
Class Discussion: Keyboard Shortcuts
You have learned a variety of keyboard shortcuts and experienced using
shortcuts keys and right-click mouse methods on computers. With your
classmates, discuss the following:
• Do you think you will use shortcuts or the right-click method more frequently?
• Which of the shortcuts will you use the most and why?
• Which shortcut key was new or the most helpful to learn about?
• Are there other shortcut keys you use that were not mentioned in this module
that you use frequently?
 Finding Programs and Files

 Locate and manage files and folders

 Navigate the Start menu to locate programs, files, and
settings
 Create files and folders
 Organize files and folders
 Delete and restore files and folders using the Recycle Bin
Learning Outcomes: Finding Programs and Files

1.4: Locate and manage files and folders

1.4.1: Navigate the Start menu to locate programs, files, and settings
1.4.2: Create files and folders
1.4.3: Organize files and folders
1.4.4: Delete and restore files and folders using the Recycle Bin
Start Menu

• Frequently used programs- bottom left corner

• Control panel- gear icon above Start button
• Shutting down computer also located here (shown in image)
Creating Files and Folders

• Windows 10- File Explorer (Win+E

shortcut)
• New Folder at top of window
Organizing Files and Folders

• Right-click file and select properties

• Selecting and moving files- Ctrl+X>Ctrl+V
• Ctrl+C will copy all selected files
Deleting Files and Folders

• Right-click on file and select

Delete- also can use delete on
keyboard
• Deleted files aren’t gone forever-
sent to bin
• Recycle bin
• Empty, properties, and restore
options
FILE MANAGEMENT
Local Files
• Local file management techniques

• Create hierarchy of folders

• Folder naming
• Simple but meaningful
• Capital letters to delimit words
• Avoid repetition and redundancy
• Numbers include at least two digits
Network Files

• Proper file management techniques

for network files
• 3-2-1 Rule
• Three copies
• Two locations
• More than one type of storage media
• Automatic backup setup

• Backups
• Any backup better than none
• Work only as safe as backup plan
• Check backups periodically
Online Files

Cloud file sharing

• Share with multiple devices
• Share across operating systems
• Access from anywhere

Cloud storage
• Remote encrypted servers
• Permission or date-based
restrictions
• Multiple service providers
Understanding Snips and Screenshots

• Screenshot: what is displayed on a computer screen

• Rectangular screenshot- click and drag
• Screenshot options (shown in image)
• Snip: when you take a small part of the screen
• Snipping Tool- Start>Windows Accessories>Snipping Tool
Practice Question 3

How do you completely delete a file or folder from a computer?

A. Right-click on folder or file > Select Delete

B. Drag file or folder to Recycle bin
C. Select file or folder > Use keyboard delete key > Empty recycle bin
D. Drag the folder containing the file to be deleted to recycle bin
Practice Question 4

Henri is starting a new project management project with his team

and knows upfront that there will be at least over 100 files
generated on various types of work accessed by a large team all
over the country. What type of folder management technique
should Henri establish?

A. Flat folder structure

B. Local based hierarchical folder structure
C. No folder structure just files
D. Cloud based hierarchical folder structure
Class Activity: Practice Cloud File Sharing

More and more business are moving their files and data storage to secure
cloud platforms. Find at least two classmates to share an image of a
computer with from cloud-based storage.
• Find an image of a computer from the internet, a local file or create something.
• If you don’t have a cloud account (e.g. Google Drive, iCloud, Dropbox, OneDrive,
etc.) talk with a classmate about setting up one or using theirs.

Questions to ask yourself and others:

• Did you find doing this activity easy or difficult? Why?
• What types of problems or hiccups did you run into cloud sharing the image?
• What types of insights did you discover by

Share your findings with your classmates. Discuss any trends.

Quick Review

• How does a computer’s hardware work together?

• What is the difference between hardware and different types of software?
• How important is security and privacy of information and data?
• How do you determine what operating system you have?
• Are you able to manage multiple windows?
• What are some keyboard shortcuts you can use to perform tasks?
• Are you now able to navigate the Start menu to locate programs, files,
and settings?
• Can you now create files and folders?
• How can you correctly organize files and folders?
• Are you able to delete and restore files and folders using the Recycle Bin?
• How do you take a snip/screenshot?