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Lesson 1.2 The Origin of The Solar System

The document discusses the origin of the Solar System, starting from dust-sized particles and exploring various models such as the Geocentric and Heliocentric models. It outlines several hypotheses, including the Nebular hypothesis, Planetisimal theory, and Protoplanet theory, which explain the formation of planets and the Solar System. Additionally, it provides details about the characteristics of different planets, including terrestrial planets and gas giants, as well as the Sun's role in the Solar System.

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50 views21 pages

Lesson 1.2 The Origin of The Solar System

The document discusses the origin of the Solar System, starting from dust-sized particles and exploring various models such as the Geocentric and Heliocentric models. It outlines several hypotheses, including the Nebular hypothesis, Planetisimal theory, and Protoplanet theory, which explain the formation of planets and the Solar System. Additionally, it provides details about the characteristics of different planets, including terrestrial planets and gas giants, as well as the Sun's role in the Solar System.

Uploaded by

shinra.amado2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

The ORIGIN OF
THE Solar System
Main idea
The Solar System
01 started from dust-
sized particles.

eq
What made it
02 possible for the
planets to become
as big as they
are?
introduction
Model – representation of an idea, an object,
or even a process that is used to describe and
explain phenomena that cannot be
experienced directly.

-scientists (to predict phenomenon/event such


as the Origin of the Solar System.)

-scientist’s description of an event at that time.


Two popular model
01 GEOCENTRIC MODEL
- Claudius Ptolemy
- Earth is at center of the Solar System
- Accepted explanation of the different motions in the universe
- Sun, Moon, stars, and five planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars,
Jupiter and Saturn) move around Earth. (strange motion caused by
Earth’s motion)
02 HELIOCENTRIC MODEL
-Nicholas Copernicus’
-Sun is the center of the Solar System
-16th century , opposing idea to GM by developing another
model.
-foundation of the Copernicus revolution.
18 century
Understandingthof how the Solar System
originated became more than just descriptive
models’ it is became scientific.

These theories are build up by angular


momentum
(quantity of rotation of a body, which is the
product of its moment of inertia and is angular
velocity.
1. Nebular hypothesis

-Immanuel Kant(1724-1804)
and Pierre-Simon Laplace
(1749-1827)
-Kant-Laplace Nebular
Hypothesis ( Solar system
began as a cloud of dispered
interstellar gas –nebula)
-the resulting nebular
aggregrates became larger
than others, grew more
rapidly, and ultimately
40 years later ..
- PSL worked on the existing Kant model ,
explaining that the sun already formed, the
continuous rotation of the Solar System around
the axis would create the planets.
- Assumed that the sun cools off as it radiates away
its heat, which would also cause its contraction.
- Contraction continues, the sun’s rotational
celocity would increase, following the law of
conseration of angular momentum.
2. Planetisimal and tidal theories

-Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin


-Forest Ray Moulton
- Worked on Kant-Laplace nebular
hypothesis. (Chamberlin-
Moulton planetesimal
hypothesis)
- Proposed that the star passed
close enough to the sun, creating
huge tides and causing materials
to b ejected
- Quickly cooled and became
numerous smaller bodies
(planetisimals)
- Accretion of planetisimals created
James hopwood jeans & Harold jeffreys

- Jeans-Jeffrey’s tidal theory


- When huge tidal wave was created from sun’s
collision with another star, a long filament was
drawn out and detached from the principal mass.
- As the gaseous materials condensed, it separated
into masses of various sizes and condensed to
form the planets
3. PROTOPLANET THEORY

- Modified version of the nebular


hypothesis.
- Modern knowledge of matter
- Gerald Kuiper and Cal Von
Weizsacker
- the dense area of the nebula and the
gaseous matter surrounding it ceased
to rotate uniformly.
- Under the influence of turbulence and
tidal action, the nebula broke into
whirlpools of gas within a rotating
mass called protoplanet.
- Does not explain the formation of the
terrestrial planets and gas giants.
The solar system

Chemical and physical


differences of planetary
formation by Harold Urey

01 TERRESTRIAL PLANETS
-Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
-low temp. 220
-high enough to drive off the
lighter substances (hydrogen and
helium)
-low enough to allow the
condensation of heavier
The solar system

02 GAS GIANTS
- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus.
And Neptune)
- Prevented by forming
earthly materials and were
only made up of methane,
water and ammonia.
Terrestrials

Gas Giants
The Sun
Our Sun is a 4.5 billion-year-old star at The Sun is approximately 100 times
the center of our solar system, a hot, larger than Earth and approximately
glowing ball of hydrogen and helium. 10 times larger than Jupiter. The Sun's
The Sun is also the solar system's core temperature is approximately 15
largest object. The Sun is around 93 million degrees Celsius. Everything in
million miles from Earth, and life as we our solar system revolves around it,
know it would not be possible without including planets, asteroids, and
its energy. comets.
Mercury
Mercury, the smallest planet in our solar system and the closest to the Sun, is
only slightly larger than Earth's Moon. The Sun would appear more than three
times as large from the surface of Mercury as it does from Earth, and the
sunlight would be up to seven times brighter.

Venus
Venus is Earth's closest planetary neighbor and the second planet from the
Sun. It is sometimes referred to as Earth's twin due to its size and density.
Even though Mercury is closest to the Sun, Venus is the hottest planet in our
solar system; its surface temperature is approximately 475 degrees Celsius.
Earth
Earth is our home planet; the third planet from the
Sun, is the only place we know of that can sustain
and support life. Earth is the largest of the four
closest planets to the Sun, which are all made of
rock and metal.

Moon
The Moon is the only natural satellite of Earth. Its
distance is approximately 385,000 kilometers from
Earth. The Moon, the brightest and biggest object
in our night sky, makes Earth more livable by
regulating our planet's axis, resulting in a generally
constant climate.
Mars
Mars, a cold, dry, dusty planet with a thin
atmosphere, is the fourth planet from the Sun.
Along with having seasons, polar ice caps, canyons,
and extinct volcanoes. Mars is a dynamic planet.

Asteroid Belt

The majority of the asteroids in our Solar System


can be found orbiting the Sun in the asteroid belt,
which is a region of space located between Mars
and Jupiter's orbits.
Jupiter
The largest planet in the solar system and the first gas
giant from the Sun is Jupiter. All of the other planets in
the solar system could fit inside Jupiter due to its
enormous size. Callisto and Io are two of Jupiter's 80
moons.

sATURN
The second-largest planet in our solar system, Saturn, is
located at a distance of six planets from the Sun. Saturn
is a gas giant primarily composed of hydrogen and
helium. Titan is one of Saturn's 83 moons. Saturn is also
famous for its rings.
Uranus Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun is The fourth largest and eighth planet
Uranus. Like Jupiter and Saturn, from the sun, Neptune is also a gas
Uranus has an atmosphere composed giant. The methane in Neptune's
primarily of hydrogen and helium, but upper atmosphere absorbs the sun's
it also contains methane. Methane red light while returning its blue light
causes Uranus to turn blue. Similar to to space.
Saturn, Uranus has rings. Neptune appears blue as a result.
Thank you for
listening!
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