Module 2:

Athletics in Relation
to Health-Related Fitness
 ATHLETICS
Brief History
 Athletics, or track and field is one of the oldest
organized sports and has a history that dates back
to ancient Greece. It is composed of sports
involving running, walking, jumping, and
throwing.
 Ancient Greece - The first Olympic Games were held in
776 BC.
Roman Empire - The Olympics were banned in 394 AD by
the Roman emperor, and athletics died out.
 ATHLETICS
Brief History
 19th Century - Athens revived the Olympic
Games in 1896. After that, the Olympic Games
is stage every four years.

 20th Century - Olympic Games became very

competitive and in 1923 women were
included in the event.
 ATHLETICS
Brief History
 Athletics, as part of the local competition, was
governed by the Philippine Athletics Track and Field
Association. It followed the rules of International
Amateur Athletic Federation as a world governing
body for track and field athletics.

 Today - Athletics is governed by World Athletics.

the global governing body for the sport.
 EVENTS IN ATHLETICS
RUNNING EVENTS JUMPING EVENTS THROWING EVENTS
 Athletics Playing Venue

Running events are played in an oval. It has eight lanes and the
inner most lane measures 400 meters. The seven other lanes
are appropriately marked to indicate the 400-meter distance
and the exceeding land measurement.

The surface of the oval is even and levelled, covered by mixture

of sand and cinder, some are combination of asphalt and
synthetic rubber. The modern running tracks are made of
synthetic rubber like materials.
RUNNING
LONG JUMP
TRIPLE JUMP
HIGH JUMP
POLE VAULT
SHOT PUT
DISCUS THROW
JAVELIN THROW
 Different Athletics Events/Games

According to MichelletheRunner.com, like ballet, running is just as graceful.

Every stride and kilometer have a purpose inside a race. Each section of the
race must meet specific criteria in order to complete the race in a specific
time. Ballerinas have to time their steps to music; runners must time their
strides to pace”.
On the other hand, Stephen Baker says, “Understanding and applying
physiology could improve your running.”

Therefore, by combining the art of running and science-based running, a

champion shall be born.
 Running Events
Body position of the sprinter
 Running Events
Body position of the distance runner
Did you know that:

American Sprinter
Jamaican Sprinter
Florence Griffith-Joyner
Usain Bolt - is the fastest man
in history with a world record - is the fastest woman in history
with a world record time of
time of 9.58 seconds in a 100
10.49 seconds in a 100 meter
meter dash.
dash.
THE HURDLES

Hurdling
is a sport in athletics (track
and field) in which a runner
sprints and leaps over a series
of hurdles, which are set on a
track with specific distance
apart.
What is a Relay?
The relays involve four runners per team.
There are two standard events, the 4 × 100- and 4 ×
400-meter relays. They are both included in local
meets, in Olympic Games, and IAAF World
Championships. The first runner in the 4 x 100- meter
relay begins the race in starting blocks. The next three
runners receive the baton in the 30 meters passing and
receiving zone. The receiver begins running in the
acceleration zone within the exchange zone (30m).
Rules of a Relay
A team may be disqualified from a relay for:
 False Starting
 Incorrect baton passing
 For 4 x 400m illegal switching
 Passing of the baton outside the takeover zone
 During the race an athlete takes or picks up the baton of
another team
 Deliberately impeding, improperly crossing the lane, or in
any other way interfering with another competitor
 JUMPING EVENTS
1. HIGH JUMP - In the high jump event, the athlete must run in the start
and must jump over a bar without knocking it over. The Fosbury flop technique
involves an approach from almost straight ahead, then twisting on takeoff and going
over the head first with the back to the bar. Jumpers then land on their back.
 JUMPING EVENTS
2. LONG JUMP - Long jump is the least complicated of all field events. It
is formerly called broad jumping. In long jump, speed is the most vital ingredient for
a successful jump. Jumpers make their approach down the runway at almost top
speed, plant a foot on the takeoff board, and leap into the air. The most popular
long-jumping style is “Hitch-Kick,” where in the runner apparently walks in air.
 JUMPING EVENTS
3. POLE VAULT - The pole vault may be the toughest to master of all field
events. Pole-vaulting is quite more likely to high jump. Vaulters attempt to vault over
a crossbar placed on uprights, each height. They are given three tries, then they land
on a large soft mattress for safety.
 JUMPING EVENTS
4. TRIPLE JUMP - The triple jump is like long jump, it is known as the hop,
step, and jump. The jumper will first run down the track gaining speed; at the start of
the jump or take off point they will jump or spring from one foot and land on that
same foot (hop); next they jump again, at this time landing on the opposite foot
(step); lastly, they jump as far as they can and land on both feet (jump) into the sand
pit or landing pit.
 THROWING EVENTS
1. DISCUS THROW - A discus is plate like or round disc
(implement), typically made of plastic with a metal rim. It is thrown
from a concrete circle that is about 2.50 meter in diameter.

The throw will be considered as foul in the following cases:

 Improper throw of the javelin in the attempt.
 Thrower goes out of the marking line while throwing (continuous
motion)
 The tip of the javelin lies outside the edges of the landing sector.
 THROWING EVENTS
2. SHOT PUT - Shot is a piece of spherical iron ball that is thrown
from a concrete circle that is seven feet in diameter.

There are two common throwing techniques:

1. Slide or "glide"
2. Spin or rotational
 THROWING EVENTS
3. JAVELIN THROW - The javelin is something like a spear
(implement). This event should be supervised at all times to be sure no one is
hurt. Javelin throw does not use a circle when throwing. The thrower must
hold the javelin at the grip part and should always be maintained above the
shoulder level. The javelin must lie before the specified zone and its tip should
hit the ground to become valid. The throw will be considered as foul in the
following cases:

Improper throw of the javelin in the attempt;

 Thrower goes out of the marking line while throwing (continuous motion)
 The tip of the javelin lies outside the edges of the landing sector.
 THROWING EVENTS

4. HAMMER THROW - In this Athletics throwing

event, the thrower throws a metal ball attached to a handle
and a straight wire about three feet long. The hammer is
thrown from a concrete circle 2.15 meter in diameter (just like
the shot put) but there is no toe board or stop board.
 OFFICIAL IMPLEMENTS
In all International Competitions, the implements used shall
comply with current IAAF specifications. Only IAAF certified
implements may be used. The following table shows the
implement to be used by each age group: