Curriculum Development:

Processes and Models

JOSEPHINE L. ODOÑO, T-II

Instructor
Let us watch a short video clip….
 Processing Questions:
1.What can you say about the video
clip?
2.What does the mountain and the
tree represent?
3.What is the importance of the
mountain and other factors
around it to the growing tree ?
 Desired Learning
Outcome

Explain and summarize

the curriculum
development process
and models
•Definition of Curriculum
Development
•4 Phases of Curriculum
Development Process
•Curriculum Development Process
Models
CONTENT FOCUS:
Curriculum Development - is a dynamic
process involving many different people and
procedures.

Development- connotes changes which is

systematic.
A change for the better means
alteration, modification or improvement
of existing condition.

To produce positive change, development

should be :
 4 Phases of Curriculum
Development Process
Curriculum Planning-
considers the school vision,
mission and goals
-Includes the philosophy
or strong education belief
of the school.
 4 Phases of Curriculum
Development Process
Curriculum Designing- the way
curriculum is conceptualized to include
the selection and organization of
content, the selection and organization
of learning experiences or activities and
the selection of he assessment
procedure and tools to measure
achieved learning outcomes.
 4 Phases of Curriculum
Development Process
Curriculum Implementation- putting
into action the plan which is based
on the curriculum design in the
classroom setting or the learning
environment.
- the teacher is the facilitator of
learning together with the learners.
-this is where action takes place .
 4 Phases of Curriculum
Development Process
 Curriculum Evaluating- determines the
extent to which the desired outcomes
have been achieved.
- this procedure is ongoing as in finding
out the progress of learning (formative) or
the mastery of learning (summative).
- the result of evaluation is very
important for decision-making of curriculum
planners and implementors.
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
1. RALPH TYLER MODEL:
FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES
-this is also known as Tyler’s
Rationale
-this emphasizes the planning phase
- he presented this in his book
entitled “ Basic Principles of
Curriculum and Instruction”.
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
-He posited four fundamental
principles which are illustrated as
answer to the following questions:
1. what education purpose should
schools seek to attain?
2. What educational experiences can
be provided that are likely to attain
these purpose?
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
-He posited four fundamental
principles which are illustrated as
answer to the following questions:
3. How can these educational
experiences be effectively organized?
4. how can we determine whether
these purpose are being attained or
not?
 Purpose of the school

Educational Experiences related to

the purpose

Organization of
the experiences

Evaluation of
the
experiences
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
2. HILDA TABA MODEL:
GRASSROOTS APPROACH
-Hilda Taba improved on Tyler’s
model.
- she believed that teachers
should participate in developing a
curriculum.
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
- as a grassroots approach,
Taba begins from the bottom,
rather than from the top as what
Tyler proposed.
- she presented six major
steps to her linear model.
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
1. Diagnosis of learners’ needs
and expectations of the
larger society

2. Formulation of learning objectives

3. Selection of learning outcomes

 Curriculum Development
Process Models
4. Organization of learning
contents

5. Selection of learning experiences

6. Determination of what to evaluate

and the means of doing it.
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
3. GALEN SAYLOR AND WILLIAM
ALEXANDER CURRICULUM MODEL
- Curriculum is “a plan for providing
sets of learning opportunities to
achieve broad educational goals and
related specific objectives for an
identifiable population served by a
single school center.
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
3. GALEN SAYLOR AND WILLIAM
ALEXANDER CURRICULUM MODEL
 4 steps in the model:
1. Goals, Objectives and Domains
-curriculum planner begins by
specifying the major educational goals
and specific objectives they wish to
accomplish.
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
3. GALEN SAYLOR AND WILLIAM
ALEXANDER CURRICULUM MODEL
 4 steps in the model:
1. Goals, Objectives and Domains
-Each major goal represents a
curriculum domain: personal
development, human relations, continued
learning skills and specialization.
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
3. GALEN SAYLOR AND WILLIAM
ALEXANDER CURRICULUM MODEL
 4 steps in the model:
1. Goals, Objectives and Domains
-the goals, objectives and domains are
identified and chosen based on research
findings, accreditation standards, and
views of the different stakeholders.
 Curriculum Development
Process Models
3. GALEN SAYLOR AND WILLIAM
ALEXANDER CURRICULUM MODEL
 4 steps in the model:
2. Curriculum Designing
-designing a curriculum follows after
appropriate learning opportunities are
determined and how each opportunity
is provided.
 Curriculum Development Process Models

3. GALEN SAYLOR AND WILLIAM

ALEXANDER CURRICULUM MODEL
 4 steps in the model:
2. Curriculum Designing
-there are questions that need to be
answered at this stage of development process:
-Will the curriculum be designed along the
lines of academic disciplines?
- Will the curriculum be designed according
to student needs and interests or along themes?
Curriculum Development Process Models

3. GALEN SAYLOR AND WILLIAM

ALEXANDER CURRICULUM MODEL
 4 steps in the model:
3. Curriculum Implementation
- Teachers then prepare instructional
plans where instructional objectives are
specified and appropriate teaching methods
and strategies are utilized to achieve the
desired learning outcomes among students.
 Curriculum Development Process Models

3. GALEN SAYLOR AND WILLIAM

ALEXANDER CURRICULUM MODEL
 4 steps in the model:
4. Evaluation
-a comprehensive evaluation using variety
of evaluation techniques is recommended.
-it should involve the total educational
programme of the school and the curriculum
plan, the effectiveness of instruction and the
achievement of students.
Curriculum Development Process Models

3. GALEN SAYLOR AND WILLIAM

ALEXANDER CURRICULUM MODEL
 4 steps in the model:
4. Evaluation
-through the evaluation process,
curriculum planner and developers can
determine whether or not the goals of
the school and the objectives of
instruction have been met.
Curriculum Development Process Models

 All the models utilized the processes of:

 Curriculum Planning

 Curriculum Designing

 Curriculum Implementing

 Curriculum Evaluating
Curriculum Development Process Models

Activity 1: Comparison of the Three

Models (by group).

Direction: With your group members,

determine the similarities and
differences of the three models of
Curriculum Development Process.
Curriculum Development Process Models
How are the models similar?
Similar Tyler’s Taba’s Saylor &
Features Alexande
r
Tyler

Taba

Saylor &
Alexander
Comment:
Curriculum Development Process Models
How are the models Different?
Different Tyler’s Taba’s Saylor &
Features Alexande
r
Tyler

Taba

Saylor &
Alexander
Comment:
Curriculum Development Process Models

Activity 2: Self-Check

Direction: Do this task.

1.Describe the model of curriculum

development which you
understood best. Write in two
paragraphs.
Curriculum Development Process Models

Activity 3: Self-Reflect

Direction: Answer the question.

1.What phase of the curriculum

process do you find very
important as a teacher? Why?
QUOTE TO PONDER!