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Lecture 2 13022025 035401pm

The document discusses the Vertical Line Test, which determines if a curve represents a function by ensuring that no vertical line intersects the graph more than once. It also covers symmetry tests for graphs with respect to the y-axis, x-axis, and origin, as well as the concept of piecewise-defined functions and the greatest and least integer functions. These concepts are essential for understanding the characteristics and behaviors of different types of functions.

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5 views24 pages

Lecture 2 13022025 035401pm

The document discusses the Vertical Line Test, which determines if a curve represents a function by ensuring that no vertical line intersects the graph more than once. It also covers symmetry tests for graphs with respect to the y-axis, x-axis, and origin, as well as the concept of piecewise-defined functions and the greatest and least integer functions. These concepts are essential for understanding the characteristics and behaviors of different types of functions.

Uploaded by

shahzaib6374
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 2

The Vertical Line Test


• Not every curve you draw is the graph of a function.
• A function ƒ can have only one value ƒ(x) for each x in
its domain, so no vertical line can intersect the graph of
a function more than once.
• Thus, a circle cannot be the graph of a function since
some vertical lines intersect the circle twice
• A vertical line can intersect the graph of a function of ƒ
at most once.
• This observation provides a convenient visual test,
called the Vertical Line Test.
The Vertical Line Test
The Vertical Line Test
Horizontal Line Test
• the horizontal line test is a test used to
determine whether
a function is injective (i.e., one-to-one)
Symmetry of a Graph
• A graph is symmetric with respect to the y-
axis if, the portion of the graph to the left of the
axis is a mirror image of the portion to the right of
the axis
Symmetry of a Graph
• A graph is symmetric with respect to the
x-axis if, the portion of the graph above the
axis is a mirror image of the portion below the
axis.
Symmetry of a Graph
• A graph is symmetric with respect to the
origin if, the graph is unchanged by a rotation
of about the origin
Symmetry of a Graph
TESTS FOR SYMMETRY
1. The graph of an equation in x and y is symmetric with
respect to the y-axis
if replacing x by -x yields an equivalent equation.
2. The graph of an equation in x and y is symmetric with
respect to the x-axis
if replacing y by -y yields an equivalent equation
3. The graph of an equation in x and y is symmetric with
respect to the origin
if replacing x by -x and y by -y yields an equivalent equation.
Symmetry of a Graph
• Test the graph of for symmetry with
respect to the y-axis and to the origin.
Symmetry of a Graph
Piecewise-Defined Functions
• Sometimes a function is described by using
different formulas on different parts of its domain.
One example is the absolute value function
Graphing Piecewise-Defined
Functions
The function
{
− 𝑥,𝑥<0
𝑓 (𝑥 )= 𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤1
2

1 , 𝑥 >1

- -1 - 0 0.25 0.5 1 2 3
1.5 0.5
1.5 1 0.5 0 0.062 0.25 1 1 1
5
The Greatest Integer Function
• The function whose value at any number x is the
greatest integer less than or equal to x is
called the greatest integer function or the
integer floor function or step function.
• It is denoted
The Greatest Integer Function

1.2  1 2.2  2
1.3  1 2.4  2
1.9  1 2.6  2
The Least Integer Function
• The function whose value at any number x is the
smallest integer greater than or equal to
x is called the least integer function or the integer
ceiling function.
• It is denoted by
The Least Integer Function
Piecewise-Defined Functions
• Write a formula for the function y=f(x) whose graph
consists of the two line segment
y2  y1
m y  y1 m  x  x1 
x2  x1
1 0 y  0 1 x  0   y  x
m1  1
1 0
1 0
1, 0  m2  1 y  0 1 x  1  y  x  1
2 1
Piecewise-Defined Functions
Piecewise-Defined Functions

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