HISTORY OF

OPERATING SYSTEM
HISTORY OF
OPERATING SYSTEM “An operating system (OS) is software that manages the
hardware and software resources of a computer or
device. It acts as an intermediary between users and the
computer hardware, providing a user-friendly
environment and ensuring that different applications
and processes run smoothly.”
 1) Resource 4) Memory
Management Management
FUNCTION OF 2) File System 5) Device Management
OPERATING SYSTEM Management

3) Process Management 6) User Interface

 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1) Resource
Management
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1) Resource
Management
Manages hardware
resources, such as the
CPU, memory, disk
space, and input/output
devices, ensuring that
each application gets the
necessary resources
without conflict.
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1) Resource 2) File System
Management Management
Manages hardware
resources, such as the
CPU, memory, disk
space, and input/output
devices, ensuring that
each application gets the
necessary resources
without conflict.
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1) Resource 2) File System
Management Management
Manages hardware Organizes and manages
resources, such as the files on storage devices,
CPU, memory, disk allowing users to create,
space, and input/output delete, read, write, and
devices, ensuring that manage files and
each application gets the directories.
necessary resources
without conflict.
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
3) Process Management
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
3) Process Management
Manages the execution of
multiple processes
(programs running on the
computer), handling their
creation, scheduling, and
termination while
ensuring that they run
without interfering with
each other.
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
3) Process Management 4) Memory
Management
Manages the execution of
multiple processes
(programs running on the
computer), handling their
creation, scheduling, and
termination while
ensuring that they run
without interfering with
each other.
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
3) Process Management 4) Memory
Management
Manages the execution of Keeps track of each byte
multiple processes in a computer's memory
(programs running on the and manages the
computer), handling their allocation and
creation, scheduling, and deallocation of memory
termination while to various processes.
ensuring that they run
without interfering with
each other.
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
5) Device Management
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
5) Device Management

Controls and facilitates

the use of hardware
devices like printers,
scanners, and network
cards through device
drivers.
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
5) Device Management 6) User Interface

Controls and facilitates

the use of hardware
devices like printers,
scanners, and network
cards through device
drivers.
 FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
5) Device Management 6) User Interface

Controls and facilitates Provides a user interface

the use of hardware (either graphical or
devices like printers, command-line) that
scanners, and network allows users to interact
cards through device with the computer and
drivers. run applications.
GENERATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
 GENERATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM

A) First Generation C) Third Generation

B) Second Generation D) Fourth Generation

GENERATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
A) First Generation (1940 to early
1950s)
In 1940, an operating system was not included in
the creation of the first electrical computer. Early
computer users had complete control over the
device and wrote programs in pure machine
language for every task. During the computer
generation, a programmer can merely execute and
solve basic mathematical calculations. an operating
system is not needed for these computations.
GENERATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
B) Second Generation (1955 to
1965)
GMOSIS, the first operating system (OS) was
developed in the early 1950s. For the IBM Computer,
General Motors has created the operating system.
Because it gathers all related jobs into groups or
batches and then submits them to the operating
system using a punch card to finish all of them, the
second-generation operating system was built on a
single-stream batch processing system.
GENERATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
C) Third Generation (1965 to 1980)
Operating system designers were able to create a
new operating system in the late 1960s that was
capable of multiprogramming—the simultaneous
execution of several tasks in a single computer
program.
GENERATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
D) Fourth Generation (1980 to
Present)
Operating system designers were able to create a
new operating system in the late 1960s that was
capable of multiprogramming—the simultaneous
execution of several tasks in a single computer
program.
TIMELINE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
 TIMELINE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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 TIMELINE OF
1950s Early Batch Systems OPERATING SYSTEM
 TIMELINE OF
1950s Early Batch Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

1950s
Early computers like the IBM 701 used batch
processing. Jobs (programs) were collected,
grouped, and executed sequentially. No
interaction with users; the system ran jobs in a
batch, one after the other.
 TIMELINE OF
1960s Multi-Programming and
Time-Sharing Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

1961: Introduction of Multiprogramming 1960s 1950s

Systems like IBM's OS/360 introduced
multiprogramming, where multiple programs could
reside in memory simultaneously, allowing the CPU
to switch between them to optimize utilization.
 TIMELINE OF
1960s Multi-Programming and
Time-Sharing Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

1960s: Time-Sharing Systems 1960s 1950s

MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System
(CTSS) and Dartmouth Time Sharing System
(DTSS) were among the first time-sharing systems.
These allowed multiple users to interact with the
computer simultaneously through terminals,
marking a shift from batch processing.
 TIMELINE OF
1970s UNIX and Personal Computers OPERATING SYSTEM

1969-1971: Development of UNIX

1970s 1960s
Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and
others at Bell Labs developed UNIX, a powerful,
multi-user, multitasking operating system. UNIX
became a foundation for many future operating
systems due to its portability and robust design.
 TIMELINE OF
1970s UNIX and Personal Computers OPERATING SYSTEM

1970s 1960s
1975: Introduction of CP/M
The Control Program for Microcomputers
(CP/M) was widely used in early microcomputers. It
was a single-user operating system that influenced
the design of DOS.
 TIMELINE OF
1970s UNIX and Personal Computers OPERATING SYSTEM

1970s 1960s
1976: Apple DOS
Apple introduced Apple DOS for the Apple
II series, marking one of the early OSs for personal
computers.
 TIMELINE OF
1980s Graphical User Interfaces and
Networked Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

1980s 1970s
1981: MS-DOS Released
Microsoft released MS-DOS, a command-
line operating system that became the foundation
for personal computing in the 1980s.
 TIMELINE OF
1980s Graphical User Interfaces and
Networked Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

1980s 1970s
1984: Apple Macintosh and Mac OS
Apple introduced the Macintosh with Mac
OS, one of the first commercially successful
operating systems with a graphical user interface
(GUI).
 TIMELINE OF
1980s Graphical User Interfaces and
Networked Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

1980s 1970s
1985: Microsoft Windows 1.0
Microsoft released Windows 1.0, an
extension of MS-DOS with a graphical user
interface, paving the way for the future of desktop
operating systems.
 TIMELINE OF
1980s Graphical User Interfaces and
Networked Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

1980s 1970s
1987: Development of MINIX
Andrew S. Tanenbaum developed MINIX,
a Unix-like operating system for educational
purposes. MINIX inspired Linus Torvalds to develop
Linux.
 TIMELINE OF
1990s Rise of Linux and Windows
Dominance OPERATING SYSTEM

1990s 1980s
1993: Windows NT Released
Microsoft released Windows NT, a new
line of operating systems with a hybrid kernel and
improved multitasking, aimed at business and
professional use.
 TIMELINE OF
1990s Rise of Linux and Windows
Dominance OPERATING SYSTEM

1995: Windows 95
1990s 1980s
Microsoft introduced Windows 95,
combining a significant GUI overhaul with MS-DOS,
and establishing the "Start" button. It integrated
32-bit architecture, allowing for more sophisticated
applications.
 TIMELINE OF
2000s Modern OS and the Rise of
Mobile Operating Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

2000s 1990s
2001: Windows XP
Microsoft released Windows XP,
combining the robustness of the Windows NT
kernel with a user-friendly interface, making it one
of the most popular OS versions.
 TIMELINE OF
2000s Modern OS and the Rise of
Mobile Operating Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

2000s 1990s
2001: Mac OS X Released
Apple introduced Mac OS X, a Unix-based
operating system with a new GUI called Aqua. It
provided greater stability and security compared to
its predecessors.
 TIMELINE OF
2000s Modern OS and the Rise of
Mobile Operating Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

2000s 1990s
2007: Introduction of iOS
Apple launched iOS (originally called
iPhone OS) for the iPhone. It was a mobile
operating system with a touch-based interface,
revolutionizing smartphones.
 TIMELINE OF
2000s Modern OS and the Rise of
Mobile Operating Systems OPERATING SYSTEM

2000s 1990s
2008: Introduction of Android
Google released Android, an open-source
mobile operating system based on Linux, designed
for touchscreen mobile devices like smartphones
and tablets.
 TIMELINE OF
2010s Cloud and Mobile Domination OPERATING SYSTEM

2010s 2000s
2012: Windows 8 Released
Microsoft released Windows 8, focusing
on a new touch-friendly interface with live tiles,
aimed at unifying desktop and mobile experiences.
 TIMELINE OF
2010s Cloud and Mobile Domination OPERATING SYSTEM

2010s 2000s
2014: Introduction of Chrome OS
Google released Chrome OS, a
lightweight, cloud-centric operating system based
on the Linux kernel, aimed at netbooks and later
Chromebooks.
 TIMELINE OF
2010s Cloud and Mobile Domination OPERATING SYSTEM

2010s 2000s
2015: Windows 10 Released
Microsoft launched Windows 10,
combining the features of Windows 7 and 8 while
focusing on cross-device compatibility (PCs,
tablets, phones).
 TIMELINE OF
2020s Continued Evolution
and AI Integration OPERATING SYSTEM

2020s 2010s
2020s: macOS Big Sur Released
Apple released macOS Big Sur, with a
major design overhaul and enhanced integration
with iOS, marking a step towards ARM-based
architecture.
 TIMELINE OF
2020s Continued Evolution
and AI Integration OPERATING SYSTEM

2020s 2010s
2020s: AI and Machine Learning Integration
Modern operating systems are
increasingly integrating AI and machine learning
features to enhance user experience, security, and
system performance, such as AI-powered search,
voice assistants, and predictive functionalities.
 TIMELINE OF
2020s Continued Evolution
and AI Integration OPERATING SYSTEM

2020s 2010s
2021: Windows 11 Released
Microsoft released Windows 11 with a
refreshed design, enhanced performance, and
integration of Android apps, aiming to modernize
the user experience.
TIMELINE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
 TIMELINE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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