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Identifying Percentiles Using T-Table

The document explains how to identify percentiles using the t-distribution and t-table, emphasizing that the total area under the curve equals 1. It provides examples for finding specific percentiles and areas under the curve based on degrees of freedom, highlighting the symmetry of the t-distribution. Additionally, it includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

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Ramiele
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9 views

Identifying Percentiles Using T-Table

The document explains how to identify percentiles using the t-distribution and t-table, emphasizing that the total area under the curve equals 1. It provides examples for finding specific percentiles and areas under the curve based on degrees of freedom, highlighting the symmetry of the t-distribution. Additionally, it includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

Ramiele
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Identifying

Percentiles Using the


t-Table
•Given below are five t-
distributions in the shades of
gray. The given percentage
represents the unshaded portion
of the t-distribution. Your task is
to find the area of the remaining
portion/s of the t-distribution.
Remember that the total area
under the t-distribution curve is
equal to 1 or 100%.
•The total area under the t-
distribution is equal to 1
or 100%. The area under
the t-distribution curve
also represents the
probability associated
with specific sets of t-
values.
• Another property of t-distribution is
that the exact shape of the t-
distribution depends on the degrees of
freedom. Remember that the lesser
the degree of freedom, the lower is its
peak and the thicker is its tails. As the
degree of freedom increases, the tails
become flatter, and the peak becomes
higher. That means, given the area or
the probability, the t-value depends on
the number of degrees of freedom.
•For example, with the given
area of 0.05 on the right tail
of t-distribution, the t-value is
•2.015 with 5 degrees of
freedom.
•But with 20 degrees of
freedom, the t-value is equal
•to 1.725.
•Illustrative Example 1
•Find the 95th percentile of
a t-distribution with 6
degrees of freedom.
•The 95th percentile is the
value of the variable t that
has an area of 95% or 0.95
to the left.
•And since the area of the entire
curve is 1, this implies that the area
to the right of the 95th percentile is
0.05. Hence, the 95th percentile is
the value of the variable t that has
an area of 0.05 to the right. That
means finding the 95th percentile is
looking for the t-value with an area
to the right of 0.05 under a t-
distribution with 6 degrees of
freedom.
From the figure above, you can see that the value that you need is
1.943.
Hence the 95th percentile is 1.943. That means the t-value of
1.943 has 95% of the area to the left of it, or 0.95. Also, you can
say that the t-value of 1.943 has an area of 0.05 to its right. And
so, using the t-table, you will find that the 95th percentile is
• Illustrative Example 2
• Find the 5th percentile of a t-distribution with
6 degrees of freedom.
• The 5th percentile is the value of the variable
t that has an area of 5% or 0.05 to the left.
And since the area of the entire curve is 1, you
are convinced that the area to the right of the
5th percentile is 0.95. Hence, the 5th
percentile is the value of the variable t that
has an area of 0.95 to the right. Therefore,
finding the 5th percentile is the same as
finding for the t-value with an area to the right
of 0.95 under a t distribution with 6 degrees of
freedom.
• At this point, you need to recall one of
the properties of the t-distribution that
it is symmetric about zero. That means
the right tail of the distribution is
exactly the mirror image of its left tail.
So, you can easily find the values in the
left tail by relying on this “symmetry–
about–zero” property. Hence, if you are
going to find the value of t such that
the area to the left of it is 0.05, recall
that the area to the right of 1.943 is
also 0.05
Therefore, you can say that since the t-
distribution is symmetric about 0, the
t-value with an area to the left of 0.05
must be -1.943. So, you will find that
the 5th percentile is –1.943.
•Illustrative Example 3
•What is the area to the
right of 2.4 under a t-
distribution with 7
degrees of freedom?
• What if you needed to use the t-table to find
the area to the left of 2.4?
• Since the area under the entire curve is 1, the
area to the left of 2.4 is equal to 1 minus the
area to the right of 2.4. So, based on the table
the area to the left of
• 2.4 under the t distribution with 7 degrees of
freedom must lie somewhere between 0.98
and 0.975 (1 – 0.02 = 0.98 and 1 – 0.025 =
0.975).
• But since you already knew that the area to
the right of 2.4 is 0.02373, you could find the
exact area to the left of 2.4 to five decimal
places as 1 minus 0.02373 or 0.97627.
• Another examples:
• 1. Area to the right of 1.323 under a t-
distribution with 21 degrees of freedom
• 2. Area to the right of 2.821 under a t-
distribution with 9 degrees of freedom
• 3. Area to the left of -2.179 under a t-
distribution with 12 degrees of freedom
• 4. Area to the left of 0.889 under a t-
distribution with 8 degrees of freedom
• 5. Area to the right of 1.25 under a t-
distribution with 25 degrees of freedom?
•“Percen-TILES”
•Use the table and the
given degrees of
freedom to identify
each percentile.
•“Percen-TILES”
•1. 90 Percentile, DF =22
th

•2. 75th Percentile, DF = 10


•3. 2 Percentile, DF= 29
nd

•4. 15 Percentile, DF = 8
th

•5. 20 Percentile, DF = 19
th
•“Percen-TILES”
•6. 95 Percentile, DF =17
th

•7. 99th Percentile, DF = 20


•8. 97.5 Percentile, DF=
th

14
•9. 25 Percentile, DF = 27
th
•1. 1.321
•2. 0.700
•3. -2.150
•4. -1.108
•5. -0.861
•6. 1.740
•7. 2.528
•8. 2.145
•9. -0.684
•Direction: Read and
analyze each item
carefully. Choose the
letter of the best
answer. Write the
chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
•1. It is a value in the t-
distribution that is less
than the probability of the
given percentage.
•A. degrees of freedom
•B. percentile
•C. t-value
•D. right-tailed value
•2. If the area of the
unshaded part of the t-
distribution is 0.85,
what is the area of
•the shaded region?
•A. 0.15 C. 0.85
•B. 0.75 D. 85%
•3. If the given t-value is
2.056 and the shaded region
is on the right of the t
distribution with 26 degrees
of freedom, what is the area
of the unshaded region?
•A. 0.025 C. 0.95
•B. 0.15 D. 0.975
•4. What is the area on the
left tail of the t-
distribution with 14
degrees of freedom
•corresponding to t-value
of 3.787?
•A. 0.001 C. 0.975
•B. 0.01 D. 0.999
•5. Which t distribution has an
area of 0.10 to the right of 1.333?
•A. A t-distribution with 5 degrees
of freedom
•B. A t-distribution with 11
degrees of freedom
•C. A t-distribution with 17
degrees of freedom
•D. A t-distribution with 23
degrees of freedom
•6. The shaded region is on
the right tail of the t-
distribution. If the degree of
freedom is 22 and the area of
the shaded region is 0.005,
what is the value of t?
•A. -2.819 C. 2.819
•B. -2.831 D. 2.831
•7. The shaded region is on
the left tail of the t-
distribution. If the degree
of freedom is 16 and the
area of the shaded region is
0.01, what is the value of t?
•A. 2.583 C.-2. 120
•B. 2.120 D. -2. 583
•8. What is the area to the
right of 1.8 under the t-
distribution with 5 degrees of
•freedom?
•A. between 0.20 and 0.15
•B. between 0.10 and 0.05
•C. between 0.15 and 0.10
•D. between 0.05 and 0.025
•9. Which of the
following values is the
90th percentile of the
t-distribution with 15
degrees of freedom?
•A. 1.341 C. 1.753
•B. 1.345 D. 1.837
•10. What is the 95th
percentile of the t-
distribution when the
sample size is 23?
•A. 1.721 C. 1.714
•B. 1.717 D. 1.703

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