Chapter 2

Basic concept of cloud computing

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 Outline
What is Cloud ?
What is Cloud Computing?
History
Top Benefits of Cloud Computing
Essential Characteristics
Cloud Models
Cloud Computing Architecture
Advantages and disadvantages of
cloud.
Virtualization and cloud computing.

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 What is Cloud?
 The term cloud refers to a network or
internet
 In Cloud Computing, the word “cloud” is
used as a metaphor for “ the Internet.” .
 In other words, we can say cloud is
something, which is present at remote
location.
 Well, it is an abstraction of fundamental
infrastructures involved in computing.

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 What is Cloud computing?.
 Itis a technology that uses remote servers
on the internet to store, manage, and access
data online rather than local drives.
 The data can be anything such as files,
images, documents, audio, video, and
more.
 Cloud computing is general term used to
describe a new class of network-based
computing that takes place over the
internet/cloud.

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 Cont…
 Collection of integrated and networked HW and
software and internet infrastructure(platform).
 Delivering of computing power( CPU, RAM,
Network Speeds, Storage, software) a
service over a network rather than physically
having the computing resources at the
customer location.
 Example: AWS, Alibaba cloud, Google
Cloud

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 Cont..
 Theseservices typically provides access
to advanced software applications, high
end networks of server computers.

"You don't generate your own electricity.

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 Why the Name Cloud?
 The term “Cloud” came from a network
design that was used by network
engineers to represent the location of
various network devices and their inter-
connection.
 The shape of this network design was like a
cloud.

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 Evolution of cloud computing
 With increase in computer and Mobile user’s,
data storage has become a priority in all
fields.
 Large- and small-scale businesses today
succeed on their data & they spent a huge
amount of money to maintain this data.
 It requires a strong IT support and a storage.
 Not all businesses can pay for high cost of IT
infrastructure and back up support services.
 For them Cloud Computing is cheaper
solution.
 Its efficiency in storing data, computation
and8
less maintenance cost has succeeded to
 Cont.…
 Cloud computing decreases the hardware
and software demand from the user’s side.
 The only thing that user must be able to run
is the cloud computing systems
interface software, which can be as simple
as Web browser, and the Cloud network
takes care of the rest.
 We all have experienced cloud computing at
some instant of time, some of the popular
cloud services we have used or we are still
using are mail services like Gmail, Hotmail
or9 yahoo etc.
 History
 It was a gradual evolution that started in
the 1950s with mainframe computing
 After some time, around 1970, the
concept of virtual machines (VMs) was
created.
 In 1999, Salesforce.com started
delivering of applications to users using a
simple website.
 In 2002 Amazon provided First public
cloud AWS (Amazon Web Service) ,
providing
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services like storage,
 Cont.…
 In 2009, Google Apps also started to
provide cloud computing enterprise
applications.
 In 2009, Microsoft launched Windows
Azure, and companies like Oracle and HP
have all joined the game.
 This proves that today's cloud computing
has become mainstream.

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 Benefits of cloud computing
Low IT infrastructure and computer costs for
user.
Fewer Maintenance issues
Instant software updates
Storage, back up, and recovery of data
Scalability
Increase data safety
Developing new applications and services
Hosting blogs and websites
Delivery of software on demand
Analysis of data
Streaming videos and audios
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 Common Cloud Characteristic
1. On Demand Self Service
 A consumer can singly set up computing
capability such as server and storage as
needed automatically without requiring
human interaction with service provider
 Customer can access at anytime from
anywhere.
 Customer can upgrade/downgrade
services anytime.

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 Cont…
2. No up-front commitment/elasticity
 Start small and grow as required
 No contract, Only credit card!
 Pay for what you use

3. Heterogeneous Access:
 Cloud computing resource are accessible
over the internet supporting
heterogeneous client platforms such as
mobile devices and workstations.

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 Cont…
4. Measured Service:
 Cloud automatically control resources used by
leveraging a metering capability at some level of
abstraction appropriate to the type of service.
 Resource usage can be monitored, controlled
and reported providing transparency for both
the provider and consumer.
5. Agility
 The cloud works in a distributed computing
environment.
 It shares resources among users and works very
fast.
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 Cont…
6. High availability and reliability
 The availability of servers is high and more
reliable because the chances of
infrastructure failure are minimum.
7. Multi-Sharing
 With the help of cloud computing, multiple
users and applications can work more
efficiently with cost reductions by sharing
common infrastructure.

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 Cont…
8. Device and Location Independence
 Cloud computing enables the users to access
systems using a web browser regardless of their
location or what device they use e.g. PC, mobile
phone, etc.
 As infrastructure is off-site (typically
provided by a third-party) and accessed via
the Internet, users can connect from
anywhere

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 Cloud Models
Deployment Models
Service Models

1. Deployment Models
 A cloud deployment model represents a
specific type of cloud environment,
primarily distinguished by ownership,
size, and access.
 There are three common cloud
deployment models:
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 1. Deployment Models(continued)

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 1. Public Cloud
 Public cloud is open to all to store and access
information via the Internet using the pay-per-
usage method.
 In public cloud, computing resources are
managed and operated by the Cloud Service
Provider (CSP).
 This type of cloud is used usually for B2C
(Business to Consumer) type interactions.
 As the name suggests, Public cloud is open to
public.
 Anyone can access and use it by paying
accordingly
20 Example e-mail, AWS
 Advantages of Public Cloud
 Public cloud is owned at a lower cost than the
private and hybrid cloud.
 Maintained by the provider, so do not need to
worry about the maintenance.
 Easier to integrate. Hence it offers a better
flexibility approach to consumers.
 Location independent because its services are
delivered through the internet.
 Highly scalable as per the requirement of
computing resources.
 It is accessible by the general public, so there is
no limit to the number of users.
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 Disadvantages of Public Cloud
 Less secure because resources are shared
publicly.
 Performance depends upon the high-speed
internet network link to the cloud provider.
 The Client has no control of data.

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 2. Private Cloud:
 Private cloud is also known as an internal
cloud or corporate cloud.
 It is used by organizations to build and manage
their own data centers internally.
 This method is more used for intra-business
interactions.
 Where the computing resources can be
governed, owned and operated by the same
organization.

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 Advantages of Private Cloud
 High level of security and privacy to the users.
 Better performance with improved speed and
space capacity.
 The organization has full control over the cloud
because it is managed by the organization itself.
 So, there is no need for the organization to
depends on anybody.
 It is suitable for organizations that require a
separate cloud for their personal use and data
security is the first priority.

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 Disadvantages of Private Cloud
 Skilled people are required to manage and
operate cloud services.
 Private cloud is accessible within the
organization, so the area of operations is
limited.
 Private cloud is not suitable for organizations
that have a high user base, and organizations
that do not have the prebuilt infrastructure,
sufficient manpower to maintain and manage
the cloud.

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 3. Hybrid
 Hybrid Cloud is a combination of the public
cloud and the private cloud.
 we can say:
Hybrid Cloud = Public Cloud + Private
Cloud
 Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the
services which are running on the public cloud
can be accessed by anyone, while the services
which are running on a private cloud can be
accessed only by the organization's users.
 This type of cloud can be used for both type of
interactions - B2B or B2C.
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 Cont…
 This model gives business greater flexibility and
more deployment options
Example: Google Application Suite (Gmail,
Google Apps, and Google Drive), Office 365
(MS Office on the Web and One Drive),
Amazon Web Services

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 Advantages of Hybrid Cloud
 Suitable for organizations that require more
security than the public cloud.
 Helps to deliver new products and services
more quickly.
Provides an excellent way to reduce the risk.
 Offer flexible resources because of the public
cloud and secure resources because of the
private cloud.

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 Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud
 security feature is not as good as the private
cloud.
 Managing a hybrid cloud is complex because it
is difficult to manage more than one type of
deployment model.
 In the hybrid cloud, the reliability of the services
depends on cloud service providers.

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 Difference between public cloud,
private cloud, hybrid cloud,
Para Public Private Hybrid Cloud
mete Cloud Cloud
r
Host Service Enterprise Enterprise
provider (Third party) (Third party)
Users General Selected Selected users
public users
Acces Internet Internet, VPN Internet, VPN
s
Owner Service Enterprise Enterprise
provider
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2. Cloud computing services(Service
Models ):
1.Infrastructureas a Service (IaaS)
2.Software as a Service (SaaS)
3.Platform as a Service (PaaS)

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 1. Infrastructure As a Service (IaaS):
 The Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is
the most basic level of service.
 is a cloud computing offering in which a
seller provides users access to computing
resources such as servers, storage,
and networking.
 Organizations use their own platforms
and applications within a service
provider infrastructure.
Example:-Microsoft azure, AWS, icloud,,.
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 2. Platform as a service (PaaS):
 provides users a cloud environment in
which they can develop, manage, and
deliver applications.
 PaaS provides all of the facilities required
to support the complete life cycle of
building and delivering web applications
and services entirely from the Internet.
 Example:- SAP Cloud Platform

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Basics of Cloud Computing
 3. SaaS (Software as a Service)
 It is also known as cloud application services.
 Mostly, SaaS applications run directly through
the web browser means we do not require to
download and install these applications.
 SaaS is a software distribution model in
which applications are hosted by a service
provider and made available to customers over
an internet.
 Through internet this service is available to
users anywhere in the world.
Example:- google docs,

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 Advantages of Cloud Computing
1. Instance software update
 Cloud computing offers a competitive advantage
over your competitors.
 It helps you to access the latest applications
any time without spending your time and money on
installation.
2. High Speed
 Cloud computing allows you to deploy your service
quickly in fewer clicks.
 This faster deployment allows you to get the
resources required for your system within fewer
minutes.
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 Cont…
3. Automatic Software Integration
 In the cloud, software integration is
something that occurs automatically.
 Therefore, you don't need to take additional
efforts to customize and integrate your
applications as per your preferences.
4. Improved collaboration
 By allowing groups of people to quickly and
easily share information in the cloud via
shared storage

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 Cont…
5. Device independence
 You are no longer tied to a single computer or
network.
 Change to computer, application and document
follow you through in cloud.
6. Excellent accessibility
 allows us to quickly and easily access store
information anywhere, anytime in the whole
world, using an internet connection.
 An internet cloud infrastructure increases
organization productivity and efficiency by
ensuring that our data is always accessible.
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 Cont…
7. Low maintenance cost
 Reduces both hardware and software
maintenance costs for organizations.
8. Mobility
 Cloud computing allows us to easily access
all cloud data via mobile.

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 Cont…
9. Unlimited storage capacity
 offers huge amount of storing capacity for
storing our important data such as documents,
images, audio, video, etc. in one place.
10.Data security
 Data security is one of the biggest advantages
of cloud computing.
 Cloud offers many advanced features related to
security and ensures that data is securely stored
and handled.

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 Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing
1. Internet Connectivity
 As you know, in cloud computing, every data
(image, audio, video, etc.) is stored on the
cloud, and we access these data through the
cloud by using the internet connection.
 If you do not have good internet connectivity,
you cannot access these data.
 However, we have no any other way to access
data from the cloud.

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 Cont…
2) Vendor lock-in
 Vendor lock-in is the biggest disadvantage of
cloud computing.
 Organizations may face problems when
transferring their services from one
vendor to another.
 As different vendors provide different
platforms, that can cause difficulty moving
from one cloud to another.

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 Cont…
3) Limited Control
 As we know, cloud infrastructure is completely
owned, managed, and monitored by the
service provider, so the cloud users have less
control over the function and execution of
services within a cloud infrastructure.

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 Cont…
4) Security
 Although cloud service providers implement
the best security standards to store important
information.
 But, before adopting cloud technology, you
should be aware that you will be sending all
your organization's sensitive information to a
third party, i.e., a cloud computing service
provider.
 While sending the data on the cloud, there
may be a chance that your organization's
information is hacked by Hackers.
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 Free Cloud Storage (2020 Update)
1) Google Drive
 Google Drive is a free online data storage
service provided by Google.
 The service syncs stored files, photos, and
more across all the user's PCs, tablets, and
mobile devices.
 It offers 15 GB of free space.

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 2. OneDrive
 Microsoft OneDrive is an internet-based storage
and synchronization service provider.
 It is available for free to all the people having
Microsoft account.
 OneDrive apps can be used to sync files on a
Windows PC or Mac operating system.

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 3. Media Fire
 MediaFire is a file hosting, cloud storage,
and synchronization service.
 It provides an easy-to-use solution for
managing file online.
 MediaFire can be used for iPhone,
Windows, and Android.

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 What is Cloud Computing
Architecture?
 Cloud computing architecture is a combination
of service-oriented architecture and event-
driven architecture(user).
 Cloud computing comprises of two components
front end and back end.
 Front end consist client part of cloud
computing.
 It comprise of interfaces and applications
that are required to access the cloud computing.
 While back end refers to the cloud itself, it
comprises of the resources that are required for
cloud computing services.
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 Cont.…
 It consists of virtual machines, servers,
data storage, security mechanism etc.
 It is under provider's control.
 Cloud computing distributes the file system
that spreads over multiple hard disks and
machines.
 Data is never stored in one place only and in
case one unit fails the other will take over
automatically.

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 1. Front End
 The front end is used by the client.
 It contains client-side interfaces and
applications that are required to access the
cloud computing platforms.
 The front end includes web servers (including
Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.),
thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile
devices.

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 2. Back End
 The back end is used by the service provider.
 It manages all the resources that are required to
provide cloud computing services.
 It includes a huge amount of data storage,
security mechanism, virtual machines,
deploying models, servers, traffic control
mechanisms, etc.

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Cont.…

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Virtualization and Cloud
Computing
 Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual
(rather than actual) version of something, such
as a server, desktop, storage device, an
operating system or network resources".
 In other words, Virtualization is a technique,
which allows to share a single physical instance
of a resource or an application among multiple
customers and organizations.
 It does by assigning a logical name to a
physical storage and providing a pointer to
that physical resource when demanded.

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 Cont.…
 Once the physical server is divided, each
logical(virtual) server behaves like a physical
server and can run an OS and applications
independently.
 Virtualization, is a shift in thinking from physical
to logical, treating resources as logical
resources rather than separate physical
resources
 For software developers and testers
virtualization comes very handy, as it allows
developer to write code that runs in many
different environments and more importantly to
test
53 that code.
 Characteristics of Virtualization
 Sharing of resources helps cost reduction
 Isolation: Virtual machines are isolated from
each other as if they are physically
separated
 Encapsulation: Virtual machines
encapsulate a complete computing
environment
 Partitioning: Run multiple application and
operating systems in a single physical
machine by partitioning the available
resources
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 The concept behind the Virtualization
 Creation of a virtual machine over
existing operating system and hardware.
 Host machine: The machine on which
the virtual machine is created.
 Guest machine: virtual machines
referred as a guest machine.
 Hypervisor: Its a firmware or low-level
program that acts as a Virtual Machine
Manager.
E.g virtual box, BIOS etc
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 Architecture of virtualization

Normal computer system Virtualized computer syste

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 Types of virtualizations
1. Hardware virtualization
2. Storage Virtualization
3. Server Virtualization
4. Operating system virtualization

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 1. Hardware Virtualization
 When virtual machine software or virtual
machine manager (VMM) is directly installed on
hardware system is known as hardware
virtualization.
 The main job of hypervisor is to control and
monitoring the processor, memory and other
hardware resources.
 After virtualization of hardware system we can
install different operating system on it and run
different applications on those OS.

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 Usage:
 Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the
server platforms, because controlling virtual
machines is much easier than controlling a
physical server.

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 2. Storage Virtualization
 Storage virtualization is the process of
grouping the physical storage from
multiple network storage devices so
that it looks like a single storage
device.
 Implemented by using software applications.
 Is mainly done for back-up and recovery
purposes.

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 3. Server Virtualization
 When the VM software is directly
installed on the Server system is
known as server virtualization.
 Creating multiple logical server OS
instances on one physical piece of
hardware
 The intention of server virtualization is to
increase the resource sharing and reduce
the burden and complexity of
computation from users
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 Usage
 Server virtualization is done because a
single physical server can be divided into
multiple servers on the demand basis and
for balancing the load.

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 4 . Operating System
Virtualization
 When the virtual machine software or virtual
machine manager (VMM) is installed on the
Host operating system instead of directly
on the hardware system is known as
operating system virtualization.
 Operating System Virtualization is mainly used
for testing the applications on different
platforms of OS.

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 Usage
Operating System Virtualization is mainly used
for testing the applications on different
platforms of OS.

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 Virtualization vs cloud
 Oneof the main cost-saving,
hardware-reducing, and energy-
saving techniques used by cloud
providers is virtualization
 For example, PC can use virtual memory to
borrow extra memory from the hard disk.
 Hard disk has a lot more space than
memory.
 Virtualization can exist without the cloud
but cloud computing cannot exist without
virtualization.
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 Advantages of Virtualization
1.Reduced Costs.
2.Better resource Utilization
3.Testing for software development.
4.Save energy
5.Possibility to Divide Services

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