PROGRAM TESTING, DOCUMENTATION

& MAINTENANCE
By
Dr. Walter Ibe(jp)
 OBJECTIVES

Outline what is meant by program testing and the

reason why it may be labour intensive

Explain program documentation and the two major

reasons for program documentation

Explain why program maintenance is important.

PSEUDOCODE FOR THE ABOVE
FLOWCHART
 PROGRAM TESTING
• Program testing is done in a way that the program is run on some test
cases and the results of the programs performance are examined to
check whether the program is working as expected.

• It is also important to perform a test process on every condition or

attribute that determines the effective/correct functionality of the system.

• Program testing is an integral component of software development and it

is performed to determine the existence, quality, or genuineness of the
attributes of the program of application.
 REASON WHY TESTING MAY
BE LABOUR INTENSIVE
• Testing can be a labor intensive process, due to its iterative nature.
• Area of focus: Internal efficiency & External effectiveness.
• External effectiveness testing: To verify if the software is functioning
according to system design & performing all the necessary functions or
sub-functions.
• Internal efficiency testing: To make sure that the computer code is
efficient, standardised, and well documented.
TYPES OF SW TESTING
 TYPES SYSTEM TESTING:
• Structural System Testing & Functional System Testing.

• Structural System Testing: This is designed to verify that the

developed system and programs work correctly. Its components include:
• Stress testing
• Recovery testing
• Compliance testing
• Execution testing
• Operations testing
• Securitytesting
 FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM TESTING.

• Functional System Testing is designed to ensure that the system

requirements and specifications are achieved.
• Its components include:
• Requirement testing
• Error-handling testing
• Inter-systems testing
• Parallel testing
• Regressing testing
• Manual-support testing
• Control test
TEST FACTORS FOR FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM
TESTING
TEST FACTORS FOR STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM TESTING
 PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION
• This is the procedure of including illustrations or
comments to explain lines or segments within the
program. This is necessary so as to understand the
program especially when the program is long.

• Program documentation must be efficient. This means

that correct descriptions should be attached to the lines
and segments within the program. This is necessary so
as not to mislead other programmers that might want to
work on the program in the future
 MAJOR REASONS FOR
DOCUMENTATION
• There are two major reasons for documentation:
• Clarity: It makes the program to be clear and
understandable to the programmers

• Extensibility: Documentation allows for easy

amendment, extension or upgrade of the program
 PROGRAM MAINTENANCE

Program maintenance is the act of ensuring the smooth

and continuous working of the program in the nature of
business and dynamics of operation.

Program development does not really end after

implementation
There is need to continually check whether the program:
 Is still working according to earlier specifications.
 Program still meets current needs of the user
 NECESSCITY OF PROGRAM
MAINTENANCE
• The following are the reasons why program maintenance
is necessary:

1. Changes in nature of business

2. Dynamics of operation
3. Changes in technology

4. Improving the size and efficiency of code–

refactoring
 CONCLUSION
• In this unit we have been able to achieve the
following:
• Explain some of the reasons why you should maintain
your program.

• Explain two major reasons for program documentation.

• Introduced program testing as well as the reasons for

testing our programs
 ASSIGNMENT

• 1. Explain briefly what you understand by Program Testing.

• 2. Enumerate the components of Structural System Testing.
• 3. What do you understand by System Recovery?
• 4. What is the function of Functional System Testing?
• 5. Give two examples of Error Handling.
• 6. What are the two major reasons for documentation?
• 7. Why is program maintenance necessary?
 THANK YOU

• Again I thank you and wish you a happy

celebration
 BASIC DATA TYPES

• 3.0 Main Content

• 3.1 Data and Programming
• 3.2 Numeric Data Types
• 3.3 Non-numeric DataTypes
• 4.0 Conclusion
 OBJECTIVES
•  Explain the fact that data exists in a variety of
forms outline the datatypes, which include
numeric and non-numeric datatypes

•  Outline the constituents of an integer, real

numbers, character datatype and string datatype.
 DATA AND PROGRAMMING
• Most programs are designed to manipulate data in
order to get an output.

• Data exist in a variety of forms.

• Examples are 20,000,000,which might be a days
sales, simplified, limited, name of an organisation
and so on.
• Data serve as input to most programs.

• The format or procedure for input specification within

 NUMERIC DATA TYPES
• They consist of whole numeric values.
• Examples are:
• 1. Integers: Integers consist of positive and negative whole values.
Examples, are 500,- 112,77 etc.
• Major standard integer datatypes are:
• Bytes
• Shortint
• Integer
• Word
• Longint
 REAL NUMBERS:
• These consist of valves with fractional parts.
• Examples are 257.29, 20.10,11.00, etc.
• Floating point numbers normally have two parts: the
mantissa (the fractional part) and an exponent (the power
to which the base of the number is raised to in order to
give the correct valve of the number).
• For example: The floating-point representation of 49234.5
is mantissa Mantissa = 0.4923425
• Exponent= 5
• So we have 0.4923425E5.
 STANDARD REAL DATATYPES

Standard real data types are:

• Real
• Single
• Double
• Extended
 NON-NUMERIC DATA TYPES
These are valves that are not numbers in nature. Examples
are
1. Character Data Type This consists of representations of
individual characters using the American Standard Code
for Information Interchange (ASCII).
ASCII uses7- bits to represent each character.
CHARACTER ASCII CODE
A 65
B 66
C 67
 STRINGDATA TYPE

• A string consists of a sequence of characters

enclosed in single or double quotation marks
depending on the programming language.
• For example
• - “Abiola”
• - “I am a man”
• - “1999”
 CONCLUSION

• In todays class, we have examined in

detail the types of data in programming
languages.

• We have also discuss more about the

numeric and non numeric datatypes.
THANK YOU ALL FOR YOUR
UNDERSTANDING