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Analysis of Structures

The document provides an overview of the analysis of plane trusses and frames, detailing methods such as the Method of Joints and Method of Sections for determining forces in truss members. It also discusses zero-force members, the characteristics of frames, and steps for analyzing frames, including the drawing of free body diagrams. Additionally, it covers the use of cables in structures, including segmented and parabolic cables, along with examples of calculations for reactions and forces.

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Charles Alfred
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11 views27 pages

Analysis of Structures

The document provides an overview of the analysis of plane trusses and frames, detailing methods such as the Method of Joints and Method of Sections for determining forces in truss members. It also discusses zero-force members, the characteristics of frames, and steps for analyzing frames, including the drawing of free body diagrams. Additionally, it covers the use of cables in structures, including segmented and parabolic cables, along with examples of calculations for reactions and forces.

Uploaded by

Charles Alfred
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analysis of Structures

Prepared By: Engr. Kent Dominic Armateo


Plane Truss

Truss is a framework
composed of members joined
at their ends to form a rigid
structure. When members of a
truss lie in a single plane, the
truss is called a plane truss.
Plane Truss
The analysis of trusses is usually based on the following simplifying
assumptions:

1. All members are connected only at their ends by frictionless hinges


in plane trusses and by frictionless ball-and-socket joints in space
trusses.

2. All loads and support reactions are applied only at the joints.

3. The centroidal axis of each member coincides with the line


connecting the centers of the adjacent joints.
Nature of Member Stress
Types of Truss
Components of a Truss

Top Chord
Joints

Bottom Chord
Methods of Analysis

Method of Joints
In this method, you are resolving each
joints of the truss into a
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM.
And, since there are only two static
equations available for a concurrent
force system, considered JOINTS
MUST ONLY HAVE TWO
UNKNOWNS.
Methods of Analysis

Method of Sections
In this method, you are cutting
sections from the truss and resolving
it into a NON-CONCURRENT FORCE
SYSTEM. And, since there are only
three static equations available for a
non-concurrent force system,
considered SECTIONS MUST ONLY
HAVE THREE UNKNOWNS. In
cutting sections, you must only cut a
maximum of three members.
Determine the Forces Acting on
all Members of the Truss.
Zero Force Members

Zero-force members are those members


that do not carry any force (neither tension
nor compression). The analysis of trusses
can be expedited if we can identify the zero-
force members by inspection. Two common
types of member arrangements that result
in zero-force members are the following:
1. If only two noncollinear members are
connected to a joint that has no external
loads or reactions applied to it, then the
force in both members is zero.

2. If three members, two of which are


collinear, are connected to a joint that has
no external loads or reactions applied to
it, then the force in the member that is
not collinear is zero.
Frames

A frame is a structural system


composed of multiple interconnected
members that can carry both axial and
bending forces. Unlike trusses, frames
can resist bending moments, shear
forces, and axial forces, making them
more suitable for buildings, bridges, and
other rigid structures.
Analysis of Frames
METHOD OF MEMBERS is a method of
analysing by considering the separate free
body diagram of each three-force member.
The essential principle involved in drawing
the free body diagram of each member is
that of the action and reaction.

When separating the members for analysis,


the forces exerted by the connecting
pins must be consistently represented
as acting in opposite directions. If the
assumption is wrong, the resulting answer
will be negative, signifying the opposite
direction to what is assumed.
Steps in Analyzing Frames

1. Identify the supports and draw the free body diagram of the whole
frame.

2. Solve for the support reactions by applying the equilibrium equations.

3. Consider the free body diagram of each member one after the other
until the last member. Apply the equilibrium equations to each free
body diagram and solve for the pin reactions.

4. In transmitting the pin reaction from one member to the other, the
reactions must be directed in opposite directions. If the last member is
with equilibrium, the computations are correct.
Determine the horizontal and vertical
reaction of the pin connections at A,
B, and C

200

Rax = 175 5 5
Ray = 550
100
Rbx = 175 C B
Rby = 100

Rcx = 175
Rcy = 250
8

A 6 2
Determine the reactions at points A
and B.
20 KN
3 3
Rax = 50 KN
Ray = 20 KN
B C D
Ma = 226.67 KN-m
5
Rbx = 0
Rby = 20 KN
Mb = 60 KN-m

10

10 A
KN/m
Determine
• Load “W” the seat can carry = 1200 N
• If W = 1500 N, what is the reaction at C = 200
N
• If W = 1500 N, what is the reaction at A =
1000 N
Three-Hinged Arch

Arches are structures composed of


curvilinear members resting on supports.
They are used for large-span structures,
such as airplane hangars and long-span
bridges. A three-hinged arch is a
statically determinate structure
commonly used in bridges, roofs, and
other load-bearing structures. It consists
of two curved members (or straight
segments forming an arch) connected at
three hinge points
Determine the reactions at the pin
supports A, E, and C

Rax = 10 KN
Ray = 45 KN

Rex = 10 KN
Rey = 40 KN

Rcx = 10 KN
Rcy = 5 KN
Cables
Cables are flexible structures that
support the applied transverse loads
by the tensile resistance developed in
its members. Cables are used in
suspension bridges, tension leg
offshore platforms, transmission lines,
and several other engineering
applications

• Segmented
• Parabolic Cables
Segmented Cables

When cables supports several concentrated loads, it takes the form of several straight-
line segments each of which is subjected to a constant tensile force.
Determine
• Angle B2 = 19.07 deg
• Force in cable AB = 29.61 KN
• Total Length of the Cable = 29.48
m
Parabolic Cables

A parabolic cable is a one where the load is distributed uniformly in horizontal length.
Determine

• Horizontal Reaction at Pin support = 9000 N


• Maximum Tension in Cable = 3841.87 N
• Minimum Tension in Cable = 3000 N
• Total Length of Cable = 29.31 m

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