Contributions of Founding Fathers of

Pakistan in the Freedom Movements

 Introduction

Contents:

 Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

 Allama Iqbal
 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
 Liaquat Ali Khan
 Chaudhry Rahmat Ali
 Maulana Shaukat Ali
 Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar
 Hafeez Jallandhri

,
 Introduction

Role of Personalities in Pakistan Movement

Introduction

The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik e-Pakistan refers to the successful

historical movement against British and Indian to have an independent
Musam state named Pakistan created from the separation af the north
western region of the Indian subcontinent.
This movement was led by Mulsammad All Jinnah, along with other
prominent founding fathers of Pakistan including Alama lobat, Lacat Ali
Khan The founder of that word "Pakistan" Is Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
The movement ultimately achieved success in 1947 and it named Pakistan
 Pakistan’s movement for independence in the first half of the 20th century was an important struggle at the
world scale that succeeded in carving out a new country from British India in the Muslim-majority areas without
any violence.
 Quaid-e-Azam
 Several extra-ordinary individuals played their roles to bring a dream of a new state of Pakistan into reality in
August 1947 under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Father of the Nation.
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah born in Karachi on 25 December 1876, was a barrister who led the All-India Muslim
League until emergence of Pakistan as a new country on the face of the world on 14 August 1947, and then as
Pakistan’s first Governor-General until his death on September 11, 1948.
 Jinnah on his return to India after education in London took an interest in national politics and rose to
prominence.
 In the early years of his political career, he advocated Hindu–Muslim unity and was termed as the ambassador
of unity. He helped to shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact
between All-India Muslim League and the Congress. Jinnah when in Congress, remained an influential voice and
worked to bring the League and the Congress together. In 1916 he brought the two parties on one page to sign
the Lucknow Pact, setting quotas for Muslim and Hindu representation in various provinces.
 The pact was never fully implemented, yet its signing ushered the two parties in a period of political
cooperation and collaboration.
 He became a key leader in the All India Home Rule League, and proposed a fourteen-point
constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of
Muslims in British India.
 He parted his way from the Congress in 1920. By 1940 Jinnah had come to believe that Muslims of
the Indian subcontinent should have their own separate state. In that year, the Muslim League, led
by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution, demanding a separate state.
 The Muslim League during the Second World War gained grassroot momentum in Muslims and in
the elections held shortly after the war, it won most of the seats reserved for Muslims.
 The Congress and the Muslim League could not reach to a power-sharing formula for the
subcontinent to be united as a single state, leading all parties to
agree to the independence of a predominantly Hindu India, and a Muslim-majority state of Pakistan.
 Jinnah worked to establish the government and policies of the new country as the first Governor-
General of Pakistan.
 He helped millions of Muslim migrants who had migrated from Indian territories to Pakistan after
independence.
 He died in September 1948, just over a year after Pakistan gained independence when the new
country needed him most as a statesman and guiding light to move ahead on the path of a bright
democratic future.
  Allama Iqbal
 Iqbal was a poet, philosopher and thinker. He has been called the “Thinker of Pakistan” for his vision
of the country and ideological contribution to the new state that emerged after his death.
 Iqbal’s poems, political contributions and academic and scholarly research were distinguished, which
inspired the movement for Pakistan. He wrote poetry in both Urdu and Persian.
 While studying law and philosophy in England, Iqbal joined the London chapter of the All-India
Muslim League.
 During the League’s December 1930 session, he delivered a speech, known as the Allahabad
Address, in which he described the contours of a separate Muslim majority state in north-western
parts of British India.
 Iqbal received recognition in his home province Punjab after his return from England. When the All-
India Muslim League was being organized on the provincial level, Iqbal was made one of three joint
secretaries of the party. While dividing his time between law practice and poetry, Iqbal remained
active in the Muslim League.
 In November 1926, Iqbal contested election for a seat in the Punjab Legislative Assembly from the
district of Lahore, and won the election.
 He supported the constitutional proposals proposed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah to guarantee Muslim
political rights.
 Ideologically opposite to the Muslim leaders of Congress party, Iqbal was also discontented over
factions in League and came to believe that only Jinnah was a political leader capable of preserving
unity and fulfilling the League’s objectives of Muslim political empowerment.
 Building a strong, personal rapport with Jinnah, Iqbal is said to be influenced Jinnah in convincing
him to return from London to India to lead the Muslim League.
 In a letter to Jinnah, he wrote, “I know you are a busy man, but I do hope you won’t mind my writing
to you often, as you are the only Muslim in India today to whom the community has right to look up
for safe guidance through the storm which is coming to North-West India and, perhaps, to the whole
of India”.
 Iqbal came with the idea of a separate Muslim-majority state in northwestern regions of India in
1930, his correspondence with Jinnah is termed by some historians as having been responsible for
Jinnah’s owning the idea of Pakistan.
 Iqbal worked constantly to encourage Muslim leaders and masses to support Jinnah and the League.
1. Nogation of nation
2. 2. Islam do not believe on the nationalism base.
3. 3. There is no sepratoin between religion and politics in islam.
4. 4. Islamic state is a welfare state.
5. 5. Criticism on national democracy.
6. 6. Islam can solve economic problems.
7. 7. Islam is the complete code of life
8. 8. Creatoin of Pakistan is the step towards pan_islamnism
 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan is also known as the Syed Ahmed Taqvi. They was the indian educator and politician and
islamic reformer. They born in Dehli, Mugal Emperor. Movements done by the Sir Syed Ahmed
1. Aligarh Movement
2. Aligarh muslim theory
3. Two Nation theory After the war of independence 1857 the condition of the muslim was too bad. The
muslims remain king for centuries before british. British were silent because they snatch the government.
They damage the political and sociological condition of the muslims. Hindus were also against muslims and
they were with the British. British Movements 1. They murder about the 5lakh muslims. 2. They snatch their
properties. 3. Make bad economy.
4. They occupied on trade.
5. They drop the muslims from the army. Sir syed was the protector of the muslims they make muslims heart
strong.
Sir syed put a movement "Movement Aligarh". There were two purpose of it.
1. Education
2. Friendship of muslims and british.
In the 1832 they make English language more important than persia.
  Liaquat Ali Khan
 Liaquat Ali Khan became the first Prime Minister of Pakistan and also held cabinet portfolios of
foreign affairs, defence and the frontier regions from 1947 until his assassination on October 16,
in 1951.
 Liaquat Ali Khan was born in Karnal, in Punjab and was educated at the Aligarh Muslim University,
and later at Oxford University. He returned to India in 1923 from London.
 He cherished parliamentary democracy and joined the Muslim League advocating redressal of
injustices and mis-treatment meted out to Indian Muslims by the British colonial rulers.
 He assisted Jinnah in campaigning for the creation of a separate state for Muslims in the
subcontinent.
 Khan embarked on his parliamentary career, representing the United Provinces (UP) at the
Legislative Council in 1926. He was elected to the provisional legislative council in the elections
from the rural Muslim constituency of Muzzaffarnagar.
 He remained the elected member of the UP Legislative Council until 1940, when he was elected
to the Central Legislative Assembly.
 In 1940, Khan was made deputy leader of the Muslim League parliamentary party.
 The Pakistan Resolution was adopted in 1940 at the Lahore session of the Muslim League. The same
year elections were held for the central legislative assembly in which Liaquat Ali Khan won from the
Barielly constituency without contest.
 In 1945–46 elections Liaquat Ali Khan won the Central Legislature election from the Meerut
Constituency in the UP. The Muslim League won most of the seats reserved for Muslims.
 He assisted Jinnah in negotiations with the members of the Cabinet Mission and the leaders of the
Congress during the final phase of the freedom movement and it was decided that an interim
government would be formed comprising of members of the Congress, the Muslim League and
minority leaders.
 Muslim League sent five of its nominees led by Liaquat Ali Khan, for representation in the interim
government. He was given the portfolio of finance in the interim administration.
 The other four men nominated by the League were Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar, Ghazanfar Ali Khan,
Abdur Rab Nishtar, and Jogendra Nath Mandal.
 The British government and the Indian National Congress had both accepted the idea of Pakistan and
on 14 August 1947, Pakistan became a reality.
 His influence grew further as prime minister of the new country after Jinnah’s death in September
1948.
 Liaquat Ali Khan is also said to be the major influence behind the promulgation of the Objectives
 He remained the elected member of the UP Legislative Council until 1940, when
he was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly.

 In April 1936, in a Muslim League session, Liaquat Ali Khan named the honorary
general secretary of the party. He held the office till the establishment of
Pakistan in 1947.
 In 1940, Khan was made deputy leader of the Muslim League parliamentary
party.
 The Pakistan Resolution was adopted in 1940 at the Lahore session of the Muslim
League. The same year elections were held for the central legislative assembly in
which Liaquat Ali Khan won from the Barielly constituency without contest.
  Chaudhry Rahmat Ali
 Chaudhry Rahmat Ali was one of the earliest proponents of the creation of the state of Pakistan.
 He is credited with suggesting the name “Pakistan” for a separate Muslim homeland in South Asia.
 Rahmat Ali introduced the name when he was a law student at the University of Cambridge in 1933, in
the form of a pamphlet “Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?”.
 The pamphlet was addressed to the British and Indian delegates to the Third Round Table Conference in
London.
 The idea, however, did not find support with the delegates or any of the politicians for around a decade.
By 1940, the Muslim politics in the subcontinent came around to accept the idea, leading to the Lahore
Resolution of the All-India Muslim League, which was immediately dubbed the “Pakistan Resolution”.
 Rehmat Ali was born in November 1897 in the town of Balachaur in the Hoshiarpur District of Punjab.
His relatives migrated to Lyallpur (Faisalabad). After graduating from Islamia College Lahore in 1918, he
taught at Aitchison College Lahore before joining the Punjab University to study law.
 In 1930 he moved to England to join Emmanuel College Cambridge. He obtained a BA degree in 1933
and MA in 1940 from the University of Cambridge.
 He published his historic pamphlet, “Now or Never”, in 1933, coining the word Pakistan for the first
time.

 Rahmat Ali finished education in England, obtaining MA and LLB with honours from the universities of
Cambridge and Dublin.

 In 1946, he founded the Pakistan National Movement in England. Until 1947, he continued publishing
various booklets about his vision for South Asia.

 In a pamphlet he said, “Our religion and culture, our history and tradition, our social code and economic
system, our laws of inheritance, succession and marriage are fundamentally different from those of most
peoples living in the rest of India. The ideals which move our people to make the highest sacrifices
are essentially different from those which inspire the Hindus to do the same. These differences are not
confined to broad, basic principles. They extend to the minutest details of our lives. We do not inter-
dine, we do not inter-marry. Our national customs and calendars, even our diet and dress are different.”
 Role of Communalism and Religious Differences
 Khwaja Nazimuddin
 Khwaja Nazimuddin was the first leader of Pakistan from Bengal who led the country as Prime
Minister from 1951–53, as well as the second Governor-General after Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad
Ali Jinnah from 1948–51.
 Born into a Nawab family in Bengal in 1894, he was educated at the Aligarh Muslim University
before pursuing his education at the Cambridge University in
UK to secure his graduation. He started his political career in Muslim League on his return, where
he primarily focused on education in Bengal before leading the cause for separate Muslim
homeland of Pakistan, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
 He served as the prime minister of Bengal from 1943 to 1945 and later became the chief minister
in 1947 until 1948, when he ascended as governor-general after the death of Father of the Nation
Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
 He took over the control of the government as prime minister of Pakistan in 1951 after the
assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan and relinquished the post of Governor-General to Malik Ghulam
Mohammad.
 Role of Communalism and Religious Differences
 He struggled to run the government effectively as prime minister on the internal and foreign
fronts, however, held the top government office for only two years.

 He strived to maintain law and order in the country on the home front, and ordered the military
to impose martial law in Lahore due to religious riots.

 He also faced a language movement in his native Bengal that eventually led to the shutdown of
the government in East Pakistan.

 He was forced to step down in favor of a diplomat Mohammad Ali Bogra by Governor-General
Malik Ghulam Mohammad. After retiring from national politics, he suffered illness and died in
1964.

 He has been buried at a mausoleum in Dhaka

 Maulana Shaukat Ali
Maulana Shaukat Ali was a Muslim nationalist, orator, and scholar.

He co-founded the Khilafah movement, along with his brother Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar.

Born in 1873 in Rampur state, he was educated at Aligarh Muslim University

 where he was a student leader and captain of the cricket team.

He served as a top civil servant in Oudh and Agra from 1896 to 1913 under the British government.

Islamic historian and activist, he proved an effective orator traveling (along with Maulana Johar)
 across British India persuading the Indian Muslims to join hands for independent statehood.
 with the Congress and Gandhi’s policies. He opposed the 1928 Nehru Report, deman
Maulana Shaukat Ali was one the first Muslim leaders to boldly express disillusionment ding separate
electorates for Muslims. He attended the Round Table Conferences in London and proactively
campaigned for establishment of a separate Muslim state in British India.

 After the death of his brother Maulana Johar in 1931, Maulana Shaukat Ali continued on and organized
the “World Muslim Conference” in Jerusalem.

 In 1934, he joined the All India Muslim League. At the request of Quaid-e-Azam, he traveled extensively
to all Arab countries from 1934 until his death in 1939, building diplomatic support for India’s Muslims
and the struggle for independence. This is the most notable achievement of Maulana Shaukat Ali.
 

Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar

Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar was a versatile journalist, orator, poet, historian, and Islamic scholar. He was
founder of the “Khilafah Movement” launched to work for Islamic renaissance and revival of the Caliphate
system.

Muhammad Ali Johar, was born in Rampur state in 1878 in a scholarly family of Rohaila Yusufzai Pathan
ancestry. His two brothers, Maulana Shaukat Ali and Maulana Zulfiqar Ali, were Islamic scholars and politicians.
Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar attended Darul Uloom Deoband and the Aligarh Muslim University. In 1898, he
went to the elite Oxford University and studied modern history. He was internationally renowned as a top
orator and reformist who confronted the British government with solid arguments.

Maulana Johar was the sixth Muslim to become the president of Indian National Congress in 1923.
Disappointed with Congress leaders, he was one of the founders of All India Muslim League and later served as
one of its president.
A gifted-journalist, he launched the Urdu weekly “Hamdard” and English weekly “Comrade” in 1911, read
widely across Europe and British India.
 He was a firm believer that the down-trodden Muslims must get modern education in order to
 compete in the changing times. He worked hard to expand the Aligarh Muslim University, and
was
 one of the co-founders of the “Jamia Millia Islamia College, Dehli” in 1920.

 Maulana Johar actively criticized the British government and propagated that only the Muslim
 League spoke for India’s Muslims. In 1921, the British government imprisoned him in
 Karachi Central Jail.

 Exiled later to solitary confinement in Andaman Islands, this great Muslim leader died
 on January 4, 1931 and was buried in Jerusalem according to his own last wish.
 The inscription written on his grave near the Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem,
 says: “Here lies Syed Muhammad Ali Al-Hindi”.
 Hafeez Jallandhri

 Abul Asar Hafeez Jallandhri (14th January 1900 – 21st December 1982) was a renowned journalist, social activist,
and poet. He is well-known for his most remarkable achievement of writing the “National Anthem of Pakistan”.

 Hafeez Jallandhri actively participated in Pakistan Movement from 1920 till 1947. He utilized his journalistic and
poetic skills to propagate the cause of Pakistan.

 From 1922 to 1929, he served as editor of various monthly Urdu magazines namely: Nonehaal, Hazaar Dastaan,
Tehzeeb-e-Niswaan, and Makhzan. His first collection of poems Naghma-e-Zar was published in 1935.

 In early 1948, he also wrote the famous Kashmiri Anthem, “Watan Hamara Azad Kashmir”. An extraordinary
literary figure, he served as Director of Writers’ Guild for over two decades.

 His work of poetry, “Shahnama-e-Islam”, gave him incredible fame which, in the manner of Persian Poet: Firdausi’s
Shahnama, is a record of the glorious history of Islam in verse.
Thank You