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Functions and inverse functions

The document explains the concept of functions as operations that transform inputs into outputs, using the metaphor of a function machine. It covers how to calculate function values and introduces inverse functions, which 'undo' the operations of the original functions. The document provides examples and mathematical notations to illustrate these concepts.

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abdulrahmanalaa3010
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4 views

Functions and inverse functions

The document explains the concept of functions as operations that transform inputs into outputs, using the metaphor of a function machine. It covers how to calculate function values and introduces inverse functions, which 'undo' the operations of the original functions. The document provides examples and mathematical notations to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

abdulrahmanalaa3010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions

Linear Functions & and inverse functions


Function:
• a function is an operation or
series of operations that
transforms a set of numbers into
a different set.

• The function is the machine inside


the box and it's defined by what it
does to whatever you put into
it. Function Machine: A function f
takes an input x and returns an
output f(x) . One metaphor describes
the function as a “machine”, that
for each input returns a
corresponding output.
Function machine:
The order of operations in any function machine is very important and would
make a huge difference in the values of output, check the following examples:

x 3x 3x + 8 x x+8 3(x + 8)
Input x3 +8 Output Input +8 X3 Output

Input Output Input Output


5 23 5 39
7 29 7 45
11 41 4 36
1/ 9
3 17 75
x 3x + 8 x 3(x+8
)
Functions

Input x3 +8 Output
f(x) = 3x + 8
This is the mathematical The f(x)
notation for the function abovef(x) = 3x + 8 notation can be
You will be used to describe
more familiar more things –
with this you will notice
notation this over the
next few
This means ‘a These are the lessons
function of x’  We operations we carry
have a set of out on the inputs. In
‘operations’ to carry this case it is y = 3x + 8
out on the inputs ‘Multiply by 3, then
add 8’
Functions

Input +5 x4 -1 ÷2 Output

This is the mathematical f(x) = 4(x + 5) –


notation for the function above
1 2

This means ‘a These are the operations


function of x’  We we carry out on the
have a set of inputs. In this case it is
‘operations’ to carry ‘add 5, multiply by 4,
out on the inputs subtract 1 and then
divide by 2’
Functions
• Now we can look at some questions on functions

If f(x) = 5x + 7, calculate the value of f(7)

This is telling us This notation tells us


the function to to replace ‘x’ with ‘7’
use

f(x) = 5x + 7
Replace ‘x’ with
‘7’
f(7) = 5(7) + 7
Calculate
f(7) = 42
Functions

If f(x) = 2x2 – 6x, calculate the value of f(-1)

This is telling us This notation tells us to


the function to replace ‘x’ terms with ‘-
use 1’

f(x) = 2x2 – 6x Replace ‘x’ terms with ‘-1’


 You may use a calculator but ensure you type it
in correctly (including brackets!)
f(-1) = 2(-1)2 – 6(-1)
Calculate
f(-1) = 8
Functions

If f(x) = 8x – 7, calculate the value of x when f(x) = 45


This is asking us to find the input
(x) when the output is equal to 45’
This is telling us
the function to
use

f(x) = 8x - 7
We need to find the value of x that makes this equal to
45
45 = 8x - 7  Replace f(x) with 45
Add 7
So an input of 6.5 will
52 = 8x give an output of 45!
Divide by 8
Make sure you always think about the
6.5 = x notation so you know what you’re being
Inverse Functions:

• Every operation has an ‘opposite’, for example the


opposite of addition is subtraction

• The inverse of a function is the function that will ‘undo’


it and return you to the input

• Effectively, you can think of it as a function machine,


but in the opposite order
Inverse Functions
For simple functions, you can use the idea of a ‘function machine’

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =𝑥 +7 𝑔 ( 𝑥 )=3 𝑥
As a ‘function As a ‘function
machine’, f(x) would machine’, g(x) would
look like this look like this
Input +7 Output Input x3 Output

Input -7 Output Input ÷3 Output

𝑓
−1
( 𝑥 ) =𝑥 −7 −1 𝑥
𝑔 ( 𝑥 )=
3
f-1(x) means ‘the
inverse function g-1(x) means ‘the
of f(x) inverse function
of g(x)
Inverse Functions
For simple functions, you can use the idea of a ‘function machine’
𝑥 +4
( )
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑔 ( 𝑥 )=5 ( 𝑥+1)
2
As a ‘function As a ‘function
machine’, f(x) would machine’, g(x)
look like this would look like this
Input +4 ÷2 Output Input +1 x5 Output

Input -4 x2 Output Input -1 ÷5 Output

−1 𝑥
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =2 𝑥 − 4 𝑔
−1
( 𝑥 )= −1
5

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