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Microprocessors Architecture and Programming - MODULE 1

Microprocessors operate through a cycle of instruction fetch, decode, execute, and write back. A computer's architecture includes an input unit, output unit, memory unit, and central processing unit (CPU), which consists of an arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and registers. The microprocessor is a programmable device that processes binary instructions and data, with its word length determining the number of bits it can handle at a time.

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2 views

Microprocessors Architecture and Programming - MODULE 1

Microprocessors operate through a cycle of instruction fetch, decode, execute, and write back. A computer's architecture includes an input unit, output unit, memory unit, and central processing unit (CPU), which consists of an arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and registers. The microprocessor is a programmable device that processes binary instructions and data, with its word length determining the number of bits it can handle at a time.

Uploaded by

siva prasad Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microprocessors

Architecture and
Programming
How Microprocessors Work

- Instruction Fetch: Retrieves instructions from memory.

- Decode: Interprets the instructions.

- Execute: Performs the required operations.

- Write Back: Saves results back to memory or registers.


General Architecture of
Computer
■ A computer is a programmable device that accepts data as input and process it with a set of instructions
and produce the result as output.
■ A computer consist of four parts
● Input Unit.
● Output Unit.
● Memory Unit.
● Central Processing Unit.
■ Input Unit
● Accept data and instructions from user.
● Digitise received data.
● Supply digitised data to computer system
for processing.
■ Output Unit
● Accept processed data from computer.
● Convert binary data to humanely acceptable
form.
● Supply this result to user.
General Architecture of
Computer
■ Memory
● Store data to be processed by the system.
● Store Intermediate result.
● Store final result.
■ Central Processing Unit
● Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU).
● Control Unit.
● Register.
■ Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)
● Performs all arithmetic and logical operations.
■ Registers
● Temporary storage location within the CPU.
● Use several types of registers for specific
functions.
● Eg: Accumulator, PC, IR, etc.
General Architecture of
Computer
■ Control Unit
● Controls and coordinates entire computer
system.
● Fetches instruction from memory.
● Decodes the instruction.
● Execute the instruction.
● Control data transfer between memory and
I/O devices.
■ Buses
● Common communication path.
● Physical group of signal lines that have a
related function.
● Allows transfer of electrical signals between
different components.
● Most used - Three bus architecture. (Data bus,
Address bus, Control bus)
Introduction to Microprocessor
■ A microprocessor(µP) is a
multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven,
register based electronic device.
● Reads binary instructions from memory.
● Accept binary data as input.
● Process data according to the instructions.
● Provide result as output.
■ It is a complete processing unit
with necessary control signals.
■ The number of bits a
microprocessor recognizes and processes at a
time is called a word length.
■ A microprocessor with word length
k is referred to as k-bit microprocessor.
■ Intel 8085 is an 8-bit
microprocessor. (Majority of 8085 instructions
are 8 bit)

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