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Frequency Distribution

The document explains the concept of frequency distributions, which are organized tables that display how many individuals fall into each category of a dataset. It covers the construction of frequency distribution tables, relative frequencies, cumulative relative frequencies, and grouped frequency distributions, including steps to determine class intervals and frequencies. Additionally, it provides examples of frequency tables and calculations related to data collected from students and children.

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11 views27 pages

Frequency Distribution

The document explains the concept of frequency distributions, which are organized tables that display how many individuals fall into each category of a dataset. It covers the construction of frequency distribution tables, relative frequencies, cumulative relative frequencies, and grouped frequency distributions, including steps to determine class intervals and frequencies. Additionally, it provides examples of frequency tables and calculations related to data collected from students and children.

Uploaded by

mianumer4t7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Frequency Distribution

Frequency Distributions
🠶 After collecting data, the first task for a researcher is to organize and
simplify the data so that it is possible to get a general overview of the
results.

🠶 One method for simplifying and organizing data is to construct a frequency


distribution.

🠶 A frequency distribution is an organized tabulation showing exactly how


many individuals are located in each category on the scale of measurement.
Frequency Distribution Tables

🠶 A frequency distribution table consists of at least two columns - one listing


categories on the scale of measurement (X) and another for frequency (f).

🠶 In the X column, values are listed from the highest to lowest, without
skipping any.

🠶 For the frequency column, tallies are determined for each value (how often
each X
value occurs in the data set). These tallies are the frequencies for each X
value.

🠶 The sum of the frequencies should equal N.


Twenty students were asked how many
hours they worked per day. Their
responses, in hours, are as follows: 5; 6;
3; 3; 2; 4; 7; 5; 2; 3; 5; 6; 5; 4; 4; 3; 5;
2;
5; 3.
lists the different data values in ascending
order and their frequencies.
Relative Frequency

🠶 A relative frequency is the ratio (fraction or proportion) of the


number of times a value of the data occurs in the set of all
outcomes to the total number of outcomes.

🠶 Relative frequencies can be written as fractions, percents, or


decimals.
The sum of the values in the relative frequency = 1.
Cumulative relative frequency

🠶 Cumulative relative frequency is the accumulation of the previous


relative frequencies.

🠶 To find the cumulative relative frequencies, add all the previous


relative frequencies to the relative frequency for the current row,
Grouped Frequency Distribution

🠶 Sometimes, however, a set of scores covers a wide range of values.

🠶 In these situations, a list of all the X values would be quite long - too
long to be a “simple” presentation of the data.

🠶 To remedy this situation, a grouped frequency distribution table is


used.
🠶 In a grouped table, the X column lists groups of scores, called class
intervals, rather than individual values.

🠶 These intervals all have the same width.


🠶1st Step
Find maximum and minimum value
Minimum value = 68
Maximum value = 204
🠶 2nd Step
Find range
Range = maximum-minimum
Range = 204-68 = 136
3rd Step
🠶Decide no. of classes
🠶There are 2 ways to do this
1. Thumb’s rule
Take any no. between 5 and 15
2. By using formula
K = 1+3.332log (n)
K = 1+3.332
log60 K =
1+3.332 (1.77)
K =6.9 ≈ 7
4th step

🠶 Calculate class width

🠶 h= 136/7
🠶 h= 19.4 ≈ 20
No. of classes Class interval
1 65─84
2 85─104
3 105─124
4 125─144
5 145─164
6 165─184
7 185─204
No. of Class Frequency
classes interval
1 65─84
2 85─104
3 105─124
4 125─144
5 145─164
6 165─184
7 185─204
No. Class Freque Class
of interval ncy boundry
class
es
1 65─84 9
2 85─104 10
3 105─124 17
4 125─144 10
5 145─164 5
6 165─184 4
7 185─204 5
No. of Class Frequency Class Mid Point
classes interval boundary
1 65─84 9 64.5─84.5 65─84/2=74.5

2 85─104 10 84.5─104.5 94.5


3 105─124 17 104.5─124.5
4 125─144 10 124.5─144.5
5 145─164 5 144.5─164.5
6 165─184 4 164.5─184.5
7 185─204 5 184.5─204.5
No. of Class Frequency Class Mid Point
classes interval boundary
1 65─84 9 64.5─84.5 65─84/2=74.5

2 85─104 10 84.5─104.5 94.5


3 105─124 17 104.5─124.5 114.5
4 125─144 10 124.5─144.5 134.5
5 145─164 5 144.5─164.5 154.5
6 165─184 4 164.5─184.5 174.5
7 185─204 5 184.5─204.5 194.5
No. of Class Frequency Cumulative Relative frequency
classes interval frequency
1 65─84 9 9 9/60=0.15
2 85─104 10 9+10=19 10/60=0.16
3 105─124 17
4 125─144 10
5 145─164 5
6 165─184 4
7 185─204 5
No. of Class Frequency Cumulative Relative frequency
classes interval frequency
1 65─84 9 9 9/60=0.15

2 85─104 10 9+10=19 10/60=0.16


3 105─124 17 19+17=36 17/60=0.28
4 125─144 10 36+10=46 10/60=0.16
5 145─164 5 46+5=51 5/60=0.083
6 165─184 4 51+4=55 4/60=0.066
7 185─204 5 55+5=60 5/60=0.083
🠶Suppose that we take sample of size 16 from children in a
primary school and get the following data about the number

of their decayed teeth, 3,5,2,4,0,1,3,5,2,3,2,3,3,2,4,1

🠶 construct a frequency table


It represents the heights, in inches, of
a sample of ------ male
semiprofessional soccer players.

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