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IP Addressing

IP addressing assigns unique addresses to each host on a TCP/IP network, allowing for data transmission between hosts. IP addresses are 32-bit numbers represented as four decimal numbers, divided into five classes (A, B, C, D, E) based on the first octet's value. Subnet masks determine how many bits are used for the network portion of an IP address, with standard masks varying by class, allowing for different numbers of hosts per network.

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7 views13 pages

IP Addressing

IP addressing assigns unique addresses to each host on a TCP/IP network, allowing for data transmission between hosts. IP addresses are 32-bit numbers represented as four decimal numbers, divided into five classes (A, B, C, D, E) based on the first octet's value. Subnet masks determine how many bits are used for the network portion of an IP address, with standard masks varying by class, allowing for different numbers of hosts per network.

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maryjaneaniban3
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IP Addressing

What is IP Addressing?

Every host on a TCP/IP network needs to have a unique


address, similar to you needing a unique address for your house.
With this unique address, it is possible to send data from host to
host. Every packet contains addressing information in the
header, and the IP address in the header is used to route
packets. If several people on your street had the same address,
the post office would have a difficult time sorting mail. For a
similar reason, IP addresses are unique on each network
IP addressing is simply configuring each TCP/IP
host with a valid IP address. For access to the
internet, a host must have an IP address that
identifies not only the host address (like a house
number) but also identifies the network address
(like a street number). An administrator needs to
be aware of proper addressing techniques so that
the hosts on the network will function correctly.
IP Addresses
TCP/IP addresses are based on 32-bit addresses.
But rather than working with 32 ones and zeros,
people use decimals to represent IP addresses –
specifically, they are four decimal numbers
separated by periods. These four decimal numbers
represent the 32 bit separated into four equal parts
called octets. An octet is 8 bits.
IP Addresses Classes
IP Addresses are divided into five classes: Class A,
Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E. All addresses
are placed in a particular class based on the decimal
values of their first octets. In the first octet, an IP
address can start with a decimal value between 1 and
255.

The system of class addresses has been set up to


help ensure assignment of unique IP addresses.
Class A Addresses
 Have first octets with a decimal number between 1 and
127
Class B Addresses
 Have first octets with a decimal number between 128 and
191
Class C Addresses
 Have first octets with a decimal number between 192 and
223
Class D Addresses
 Have first octets with a decimal number between 224 and
239
Class E Addresses
 Have first octets with a decimal number between 240 - 255
Addresses Reserved for
Private Use
 Class A
 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
 Class B
 172.16.0.0 through 173.31.255.255
 Class C
 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255
IP Address Class Summary
Class Range Left # of # of Networks # of Host # of Hosts
most Bits Network bits Bits

1-127 0 8 126 24 16,777,214


A
128-191 10 16 16,384 16 65,534
B
192-223 110 24 2,097,152 8 254
C
224-239 1110 INVALID
D
240-255 1111 INVALID
E
What is a Subnet Mask?

A subnet mask is a number that looks like an IP


address. It shows TCP/IP how many bits are
used for the network portion of the IP address
by covering up, or “masking”, the IP address’s
network portion.
Standard Subnet Mask
 Class A Address
 The standard subnet mask for a Class A address is

255.0.0.0 This tells IP that the first 8 bits are used for the
network portion of the IP address, and the remaining 24
bits are used for the host portion. IP looks at the 32 bits
and uses the subnet mask to mask out the network
portion
 There are 17 million unique host IP addresses for each

Class A Network address.


Continued…
 Class B Address
 A Class B address has a standard subnet mask of
255.255.0.0 This mask tells IP that the first 16 bits
are used for the network portion of the address,
and the remaining 16 bits are used for the host
portion.
 There are more than 16,000 hosts on each Class
B network
Continued…

 Class C Address
 A Class B address has a standard subnet mask of
255.255.255.0 Which masks out the first 24 bits
as the network portion
 This can uniquely address 254 hosts on each of
the Class C networks.

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