Scribd
Upload
14 views19 pages

Lecture 7

The document discusses wire drawing, a cold working process that reduces the diameter of rods to create wires using dies. It covers the operation of wire and tube drawing, including the materials used for dies, the mechanics of drawing, and the forces involved. Additionally, it touches on related processes like swaging and the calculations for drawing stress and maximum reduction per pass.

Uploaded by

Sohil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views19 pages

Lecture 7

The document discusses wire drawing, a cold working process that reduces the diameter of rods to create wires using dies. It covers the operation of wire and tube drawing, including the materials used for dies, the mechanics of drawing, and the forces involved. Additionally, it touches on related processes like swaging and the calculations for drawing stress and maximum reduction per pass.

Uploaded by

Sohil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Drawing

Dr. Pankaj Kumar Gupta


Assistant Professor
1
Wire Drawing
• A cold working process to obtain wires from
rods of bigger diameters through a die.
• Same process in bar drawing
• At the start of wire drawing, the end of the
rod or wire to be drawn is pointed (by swaging
etc.) so that it freely enters the die orifice and
sticks out behind the die.

2
•For fine wire, the material may be passed
through a number of dies, receiving
successive reductions in diameter, before
being coiled.

•The wire is subjected to tension only. But


when it is in contact with dies then a
combination of tensile, compressive and shear
stresses will be there in that portion only.

•Wire getting continuously wound on the reel.


Wire Drawing Operation
Wire Drawing Die

Wire Drawing Die

• Die materials
Tool steels or tungsten carbides or polycrystalline
diamond (for fine wire)
•The entry region is generally a bell-shaped
mouth that does not contact the work-piece.
Its function is to contain and push the
lubricant into the die and prevent wearing of
work and die surfaces .

•The approach region is where the drawing


operation occurs. It is cone-shaped with an
angle (half-angle) normally ranging from 6° to
20°
•The bearing surface or land, determines the
size of the final drawn work-piece.

•Finally, the back relief is the exit zone. It is


provided with a back relief angle (half-angle)
of about 25-30°.
Continuous drawing of wire
Rod and Tube Drawing
•Rod drawing is similar to wire drawing
except for the fact that the dies are bigger
because of the rod size being larger than
the wire.

•The tubes are also first pointed and then


entered through the die where the point is
gripped in a similar way as the bar drawing
and pulled through in the form desired
along a straight line.
9
•When the final size is obtained, the tube
may be annealed and straightened.

•The practice of drawing tubes without the


help of an internal mandrel is called tube
sinking.
Tube Sinking Fixed Plug Drawing

Floating plug Drawing Moving Mandrel

Rod and Tube Drawing Operation 11


Swaging or kneading
•The hammering of a rod to reduce its diameter
where the die itself acts as the hammer.

•Repeated blows are delivered from various


angles, causing the metal to flow inward and
assume the shape of the die.

•It is cold working. The term swaging is also


applied to processes where material is forced
into a confining die to reduce its diameter.
Swaging or kneading
Increase in reduction, increase the draw
stress. If the reduction is large enough, draw
stress will exceed the yield strength of the
material. Then the wire will just elongate
rather than new material being drawn into
the die hole. To have a successful wire
drawing operation, drawing stress should be
less than yield strength of the drawn metal.

Maximum possible reduction is= 0.632


(theoretical maximum limit)
Force required in Wire or Tube drawing

• Approximate method (Uniform deformation,


no friction) “work – formula”

 Ao 
P  Af  o ln  
A 
 f 
Force required in Wire or Tube drawing

• Approximate method (Uniform deformation,


no friction) “work – formula”
 Ao   d 2f  do 
P  A f  o ln   2   o ln  
 A 4 
 f   df 
Drawing Stress
P  Ao   do 
d   o ln 
  2  o ln  
Af  Af   df 

16
Wire Drawing Stress

 o 1  B     rf  2 B
2B
 rf 
d  1       . b
B  r
 o    ro 

f
17
Maximum Reduction per Pass

With back stress,  b


 o 1  B   r
 f min 
2B
 r
 f min 
2B

o  1       . b
B   ro    ro 

Without back stress,  b


 o 1  B    rf min  
2B

o  1    
B   ro  
18
Thank You

19

You might also like