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The document discusses the history and definitions of integrals, highlighting the fundamental theorem of calculus discovered by Leibniz and Newton in the 17th century, which connects integration and differentiation. It defines two types of integrals: definite integrals, which have specific limits, and indefinite integrals, which do not. Additionally, it outlines various applications of integrals in fields such as architecture, engineering, medicine, and statistics.

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12 views11 pages

Math

The document discusses the history and definitions of integrals, highlighting the fundamental theorem of calculus discovered by Leibniz and Newton in the 17th century, which connects integration and differentiation. It defines two types of integrals: definite integrals, which have specific limits, and indefinite integrals, which do not. Additionally, it outlines various applications of integrals in fields such as architecture, engineering, medicine, and statistics.

Uploaded by

scar.zz4680
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTEGRALS

Definite, Indefinite and Application of Integrals


HISTORY OF INTEGRALS

 The major advance in integration came in the 17th century with the independent discovery of
the fundamental theorem of calculus by Leibniz and Newton .
 The theorem demonstrates a connection between integration and differentiation. This
connection, combined with the comparative ease of differentiation, can be exploited to
calculate integrals.
 In particular, the fundamental theorem of calculus allows one to solve a much broader class
of problems. Equal in importance is the comprehensive mathematical framework that both
Leibniz and Newton developed.
 Given the name infinitesimal calculus, it allowed for precise analysis of functions with
continuous domains. This framework eventually became modern calculus, whose notation for
integrals is drawn directly from the work of Leibniz.
DISCOVERY OF THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF
CALCULUS BY
INTEGRALS DEFINITION AND TYPES

An integral is a function, of which a given function is the derivative. Integration is


basically used to find the areas of the two-dimensional region and computing
volumes of three-dimensional objects..
 There are basically two types of integrals, Definite and Indefinite.
 Definite Integral is defined as the integral which contains definite limits ,i.e.,
upper limit and lower limit. It is also named as Riemann Integral.
∫ab f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)
 Indefinite Integral is defined as the integral whose upper and lower limits are not
defined:
∫f(x) dx = F(x) + C
DEFINITE INTEGRAL DEFINITION

The definite integral of a real-valued function f(x) with respect to a real variable x on
an interval [a, b] is expressed as
∫ab f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)
 Here,
 ∫ = Integration symbol
 a = Lower limit
 b = Upper limit
 f(x) = Integrand
 dx = Integrating agent
b
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL DEFINITION

An integral which is not having any upper and lower limit is known as an indefinite
integral. Mathematically, if F(x) is any anti-derivative of f(x) then the most general
antiderivative of f(x) is called an indefinite integral and denoted,
∫f(x) dx = F(x) + C

Symbols Meaning

∫ f(x) dx Integral of f with respect to x

f(x) in ∫ f(x) dx Integrand

x in ∫ f(x) dx Variable of integration


APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRALS

In Architecture In Electrical In Medical In Statistics


• To determine the Engineering Science • To estimate survey
amount of material • To calculate the • To determine the data to help improve
required in a curved length of a power growth of bacteria in marketing plans for
surface cable required for the laboratory by different companies
transmission between keeping variables because a survey
two power stations. such as a change in requires many
temperature and different questions
foodstuff. with a range of
possible answers.
Solved Examples
Based on Definite, Indefinite and Applications of
Integrals
Question 1: Determine the Area Enclosed By a Circle x²+ y² =a²

Sol:
Question 2: Determine the Area of the Region Bounded b the Curve y =
x² and the line Y = 4

Sol:

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