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Stat 6

The document provides an overview of random sampling techniques and their importance in research, emphasizing the need to select appropriate sampling methods to yield significant results. It explains key terminologies, differences between parameters and statistics, and details the process of constructing a sampling distribution of sample means. Various random sampling methods such as simple, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling are outlined, along with illustrative examples to aid understanding.

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melton a. Merza
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21 views37 pages

Stat 6

The document provides an overview of random sampling techniques and their importance in research, emphasizing the need to select appropriate sampling methods to yield significant results. It explains key terminologies, differences between parameters and statistics, and details the process of constructing a sampling distribution of sample means. Various random sampling methods such as simple, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling are outlined, along with illustrative examples to aid understanding.

Uploaded by

melton a. Merza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Statistics and Probability

MELTON A. MERZA, CE, LPT


What is the Formula of Finding z-value or score?
Domarn mgilpasn
Random Sampling
a. defined terminologies related to random
sampling;

b. constructed a sampling distribution of sample


mean by following the steps; and

c. reflected the importance of the lesson as


applied in solving real-life situated problems.
Lesson Overview:
In almost all fields of study, we gather data.
These data are used to estimate things about
the nature of human beings, phenomena, and
even our world. If the number of elements in the
population is too many, it will be extremely hard
for the researchers to collect all data from the
group. In some cases, we need to use random
sampling to get the appropriate number from the
samples to draw conclusions that would
represent the population
This learning activity sheet was crafted with you
in mind on how you can define terminologies
related to random sampling and identify the
different random sampling techniques as applied
in solving real-life situated problems. It is here to
help you realize the importance of selecting the
appropriate type of random sampling method
that can yield significant results in your future
researches.
Also, during your junior high school classes, you
already discussed frequency distribution and on
the earlier part of this subject, you also tackled
the probability distribution. In here, we will
discuss another distribution, the sampling
distribution of the mean. You will construct a
sampling distribution of the sample mean by
following the steps that can accompany you in
your upcoming studies.
Terminologies related to Random Sampling In
research, collecting data can either be done in
the entire population or the subset of this
population called sample. If a researcher decides
to use sample rather than a population, he must
take considerations on the number of samples
and how these samples can be chosen out of his
target population.
A population includes all of its elements from a
set of data. The size of the population is the
number of observations in the population. For
example, if the Department of Education has
10,000 employees having the required age
bracket in a certain study, then we have a
population of size 10,000.
Sample consists of one or more data drawn from
the population. It is a subset, or an incomplete
set taken from a population of objects or
observations. Taking samples instead of the
population is less time-consuming and cost-
effective. Although sampling has advantages, it
can also be a source of bias and inaccuracy.
Random Sampling is a sampling method of
choosing representatives from the population
wherein every sample has an equal chance of
being selected. Accurate data can be collected
using random sampling techniques. There are
different types of random sampling.
a. Simple random sampling is the most basic
random sampling wherein each element in the
population has an equal probability of being
selected. They are usually represented by a
unique identification number that is written on
equalsized and shaped papers and then selection
of samples is possible through the lottery method.
Random numbers selected to decide which
elements are included as the sample. The drawing
number of paper is based on the desired number
of samples
b. Systematic random sampling is a random
sampling which uses a list of all the elements in
the population and then elements are being
selected based on the k th consistent intervals. To
get the kth interval, divide the population size by
the sample size.
c. Stratified random sampling is a random
sampling wherein the population is divided into
different strata or divisions. The number of
samples will be proportionately picked in each
stratum that is why all strata are represented in
the samples.
d. Cluster random sampling is a random
sampling wherein population is divided into
clusters or groups and then the clusters are
randomly selected. All elements of the clusters
randomly selected are considered the samples
of the study.
Parameter vs. Statistic

A parameter is a measure that is used to


describe the population while statistic is a
measure that is used to describe the sample.

The mean is the sum of the data divided by the


number of data. The mean is used to describe
where the set of data tends to concentrate at a
certain point.
In this example, there is a slight difference
between the population mean and the sample
mean. But notice that there is no difference
regarding the method in determining the value
of the population mean and the sample mean.
For the divisor, the population mean µ uses N
(population size) while sample mean x applies n
(sample size).
Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means

Sampling distribution shows all the possible


samples, in a given population, together with
their mean. It describes the probability of the
mean of all sets of samples with the same
sample size n. The idea of sampling distribution
helps us to recognize how we use one random
sample to conclude for the population. It defines
the entire possible statistic we could conclude up
with.
Sampling distribution of the sample means is a
frequency distribution using the computed
sample mean from all the possible random
samples of a particular sample size taken from
the given population.
2. List all the possible samples.

3. Compute the population mean and the mean


of each sample.

4. Construct a frequency and probability


distribution table of the sample means indicating
its number of occurrence or the frequency and
probability. This will be your sampling
distribution of the sample means obtained in
step 3.
Illustrative Example:

A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9,


10, and 5. Consider samples of size 3 from this
population, compute the populations mean, the
mean of each sample and construct the
sampling distribution of sample means.
Step 2: Samples of size 3:
2, 4, 9 2, 4, 10 2, 4, 5 2, 9, 10 2, 9, 5
2, 10, 5 4, 9, 10 4, 9, 5 4, 10, 5 9, 10, 5
Activity 2 –Construct Me! Direction: Read and
analyze the situation below. In your answer
sheet, answer what is asked.

Situation: A population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4,


and 5. Suppose samples of size 2 are drawn from
this population. List all the possible samples.
Then, compute the population mean, the mean of
each sample, and construct the sampling
distribution of sample means by following the
steps.

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