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Week 1 Lecture 02

The document covers the basics of identifiers, keywords, and data types in C++. It explains the rules for naming identifiers, the distinction between standard and user-defined identifiers, and the concept of keywords in C++. Additionally, it details built-in data types, including int, bool, char, and floating-point types, as well as the definition and use of constants in C++.

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11 views15 pages

Week 1 Lecture 02

The document covers the basics of identifiers, keywords, and data types in C++. It explains the rules for naming identifiers, the distinction between standard and user-defined identifiers, and the concept of keywords in C++. Additionally, it details built-in data types, including int, bool, char, and floating-point types, as well as the definition and use of constants in C++.

Uploaded by

haroonali101325
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE 02

Week 1
IDENTIFIER
■ The identifiers are the names used to represent variable, constants,
functions in the program.
Some important rules for identifier name are as follows:
• The first character must be an alphabetic or underscore (_).
• The identifier name must consist of only alphabetic characters, digits
or underscores.
• The reserve word cannot be used as identifier name.
• C++ is case sensitive
− NUMBER is not the same as number
TYPES OF IDENTIFIERS

1. Standard Identifiers
A type of identifier that has special meaning in C++ is known as standard
identifier.
Example:
cout and cin are examples of standard identifiers.
2. User-defined Identifiers
The type of identifier that is defined by the programmer to access
memory location is known as user-defined identifier.
Example:
Some examples are a, marks and age etc.
KEYWORDS IN C++

■ Keyword is a predefined or reserved word in C++ library with


a fixed meaning and used to perform an internal operation.
■ C++ Language supports more than 64 keywords.
■ Every Keyword exists in lower case letter like break, case,
const, continue, int etc
DATA TYPES IN C++
 The data type defines a set of values and a set of operations on those
values.
 The data and its type are defined before designing the actual program
used to process the data.
 The type of each data value is identified at the beginning of program
design.
 Each data type require different amount of memory.
BUILT-IN DATA TYPES IN C++

Apart from there, we also have void and bool data types.
BUILT-IN DATA TYPES

 Different compilers may allow different ranges of values.


int Data Type

 Examples:
-6728
0
78
+763
 Positive integers do not need a + sign
 No commas are used within an integer
 Commas are used for separating items in a list
bool Data Type

 bool type
− Two values: true and false
− Manipulate logical (Boolean) expressions
 true and false are called logical values
 bool, true, and false are reserved words
char Data Type

 The smallest integral data type


 Used for characters: letters, digits, and special symbols
 Each character is enclosed in single quotes
− 'A', 'a', '0', '*', '+', '$', '&'
 A blank space is a character and is written ' ', with a space left between
the single quotes
Floating-Point Data Types

 C++ uses scientific notation to represent real numbers (floating-point


notation)
Floating-Point Data Types (Continued)

− float: represents any real number


 Range: 3.4E-38 to 3.4E+38 (four bytes)
− double: represents any real number
 Range: 1.7E-308 to 1.7E+308 (eight bytes)
− On most newer compilers, data types double and long double are same
C++ PROGRAM TO SIZES OF DATA TYPES

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
cout << "Size of char : " << sizeof(char) << " byte" << endl;
cout << "Size of int : " << sizeof(int) << " bytes" << endl;
cout << "Size of float : " << sizeof(float) << " bytes" <<endl;
cout << "Size of double : " << sizeof(double) << " bytes" << endl;

return 0;
}
CONSTANT IN C++

 It is identifier whose value cannot be changed at the execution time of


program.
 In general, constant can be used to represent as fixed values in a C++
program. Constants are classified into following types.
 Also known as Literals.
 If any single character is enclosed between single quotes ‘ ‘ known as
single character constant.
 If set of characters are enclosed between double quotes “ ” known as
string character constant.

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