SPEECH

COMMUNICATION
 “You can speak well if
your tongue can deliver
the message of your
heart.”
Introductio
n
The process by
which meanings
are exchanged b/w
people through
the use of common
set of symbols is
called
COMMUNICATION.
 What is Speech
Communication?
(from Latin "communis", meaning to share)
is defined as a process by which we
assign and convey meaning in an attempt to
create shared understanding. This process
requires a vast repertoire of skills in
intrapersonal and interpersonal processing,
listening, observing, speaking, questioning,
analyzing, and evaluating.
Use of these processes is developmental
and transfers to all areas of life: home, school,
community, work, and beyond. It is through
communication that collaboration and
cooperation occur.
Communication
 Two-way Communication Process

Who... says what... in what way... to whom...

Commu- Message Medium

Medium Receiver
Receiver
Message
nicator

Feedback
Feedback

...with what efect

SEVEN “C’s” OF COMMUNICATION
C
C O
CONC RETENESS
U L C
R A I C
T R S C OMPLETENESS
E I E R
S T N R
Y Y E E
S C
C O NSI D E R A T I O N
N
E
S
S
 Forms of
Communication
NON – VERBAL COMMUNICATION
VERBAL COMMUNICATION

* ORAL COMMUNICATION
* WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION
is the ability to talk with others to give
and exchange information & ideas, such as:
ask questions, give directions, coordinate
work tasks, explain & persuade by using the
words of mouth.

How we use this skill?

 greeting people and taking messages
 reassuring, comforting or persuading
 seeking information & resolving
conflicts
 facilitating or leading a group
 ADVANTAGES OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION
There is high level of understanding and
transparency in oral communication as it is
interpersonal.
There is no element of rigidity in oral
communication. There is flexibility for
allowing changes in the decisions previously
taken.
The feedback is spontaneous in case of oral
communication. Thus, decisions can be
made quickly without any delay.
Oral communication is not only time saving,
 ADVANTAGES OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION
Oral communication is best in case of problem
resolution. The conflicts, disputes and many
issues/differences can be put to an end by
talking them over.
Oral communication is an essential for
teamwork and group energy.
Oral communication promotes a receptive and
encouraging morale among organizational
employees.
Oral communication can be best used to
transfer private and confidential
information/matter.
 DISADVANTAGES OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION
Relying only on oral communication may not
be sufficient as business communication is
formal and very organized.
Oral communication is less authentic than
written communication as they are informal
and not as organized as written
communication.
Oral communication is time-saving as far as
daily interactions are concerned, but in case
of meetings, long speeches consume lot of
time and are unproductive at times.
Oral communications are not easy to
 DISADVANTAGES OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION
There may be misunderstandings as the
information is not complete and may lack
essentials.
It requires attentiveness and great receptivity
on part of the receivers/audience.
Oral communication (such as speeches) is
not frequently used as legal records except in
investigation work.
METHODS OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION

Face-to-Face
Conversation

Telephonic Talk

Meetings, Conferences
&Seminar Lectures

Radio &Television
Example of Oral Communication

An Impromptu Speech
• An impromptu speech is the most
difficult form of public speaking
assignment.
• It’s a type of speech that will not
give you enough time to prepare.
• But even with little to no
preparation, you are still expected to
deliver a great speech.
• A badly delivered speech is
inexcusable even though you didn’t
have any time to prepare.
Functions of Communication
• Gives information

• Knowledge management

• Decision making

• Coordinating work activities

• Creates control

• Express feeling / emotion

 Types of Speech
Communication
• Informative – This speech serves to
provide interesting and useful information to
your audience. Some examples of informative
speeches:

– A teacher telling students about

earthquakes
– A student talking about her research
– A travelogue about the Tower of London
– A computer programmer speaking about
new software
 Types of Speech
Communication
• Demonstrative – This has many
similarities with an informative speech. A
demonstrative speech also teaches you
something. The main difference lies in
including a demonstration of how to do the
thing you’re teaching. Some examples of
demonstrative speeches:

* How to start your own blog

* How to bake a cake
* How to write a speech
* How to… just about anything
 Types of Speech
Communication
• Persuasive – A persuasive speech works to
convince people to change in some way: they
think, the way they do something, or to start
doing something that they are not currently
doing. Some examples of persuasive speeches:

• Become an organ donor

• Improve your health through better
eating
• Television violence is negatively
influencing our children
• Become a volunteer and change the
world
 Types of Speech
Communication
• Entertaining — The after-dinner speech is a
typical example of an entertaining speech. The
speaker provides pleasure and enjoyment that
make the audience laugh or identify with
anecdotal information. Some examples of
entertaining speeches:

• Excuses for any occasion

• Explaining cricket to an American
• How to buy a condom discreetly
• Things you wouldn’t know without the
movies
 Levels of Speech
Communication
Intrapersonal
Communication
Interpersonal
Communication
Public Communication

Mass Communication

Group Discussion
Feeling fear is normal…..
Effective Communication

• Preparation
 Effective Communication

• Practice

- practice makes perfect

- revision
- get time right
Effective Communication

• Presence
-overcome nervousness
-Body language
-voice tone
-gestures
-eye contact
-positive attitude
What makes a GOOD
host?
• Attitude
• Personality
• Voice

BE YOURSELF.
 BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

1. SEMANTICS
Definition of words

Choice of words
 COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
2. POOR CHOICE, USE OF
CHANNELS
 When to use certain channel

Oral alone:
• Simple reprimand
• Settle simple dispute
Written alone:
• Don’t need immediate feedback
• Need record
COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

3. USE OF CHANNELS
Both channels:
• Commendation
• Serious reprimand
• Important policy change
Nonverbal
• Be aware of it.
 COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

4. PHYSICAL DISTRACTIONS
5. NOISE, PHYSICAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL
6. STATUS DIFFERENCE
7. EFFECTS OF EMOTIONS
COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

8. PERCEPTIONS
Stereotypes
Halo effects
Selective perception
• See and hear what we expect
• Ignore if conflicts with “what we know.”
Projection
 COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

9. FILTERING, SCREENING
NEGATIVE INFORMTAION
10. EVALUATING THE SOURCE
11.ABSENCE OF FEEDBACK,
POOR FEEDBACK
 COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

12. INFORMATION, DATA

OVERLOAD

13. POOR LISTENING

LISTEN TO RESPOND
LISTEN TO UNDERSTAND
TO OVERCOME BARRIERS:
 Learn to use feedback well.
 Be sensitive to receiver’s point of
view.
 Listen to UNDERSTAND!
 Use direct, simple language, or at
least use language appropriate to
the receiver.
 Use proper channel(s). Learn to
use channels well.
 Learn to use supportive
communication, not defensive
communication.
 STRATEGIES TO
REDUCE FEAR
• Know your Environment
• Know your Audience
• Know your Speech
• Learn to Relax
• Visualize a Successful Speech
• Evaluate Yourself
Things You Shouldn’t
Do
• Read directly from
notes
• Read directly from
screen
• Turn back on audience
• Slouch, hands in
pockets
• No um, ah, you
know’s, so
Things You Should Do

• Eye contact
• Can glance at
notes
• Appropriate
gestures
• Rhetorical
questions to
involve
audience
 Ten Successful Tips
Control the “Butterflies”

• Know the room- become familiar with

the place of presentation
• Know the audience- greet or chat
with the audience before hand. It’s
easier to speak to friends than to
strangers
• Know your material-increased
nervousness is due to un-
preparedness
 Control the “Butterflies”

• Relaxation- relax entire body by

stretching and breathing so as to
ease the tension

• Visualize giving your speech-Visualize

yourself giving your speech from
start to finish. By visualizing yourself
successful, you will be successful
 Control the “Butterflies”

• People want you to succeed-the

audience is there to see you succeed
not to fail

• Don’t apologize-by mentioning your

nervousness or apologizing, you’ll
only be calling the audience’s
attention to mistakes
 Control the “Butterflies”

• Concentrate on your message-not the

medium. Focus on the message you
are trying to convey and not on your
anxieties

• Turn nervousness into positive

energy-nervousness increases
adrenaline, transform it into vitality
and enthusiasm
 Control the “Butterflies”

• Gain experience-experience builds

confidence, which is key to effective
public speaking
Practice takes you from this..
To this….