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The document provides an overview of Communication and Information Technologies (ICT), detailing its components such as hardware, software, networks, and security. It classifies computers based on size, functionality, and architecture, and discusses various hardware devices, ICT platforms, and communication tools. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data storage and standards and protocols in ICT.

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12 views17 pages

Lec 1

The document provides an overview of Communication and Information Technologies (ICT), detailing its components such as hardware, software, networks, and security. It classifies computers based on size, functionality, and architecture, and discusses various hardware devices, ICT platforms, and communication tools. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data storage and standards and protocols in ICT.

Uploaded by

wafafinance xprt5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

Communication
and Information
Technologies

Instructor: Sana
Aden
Components of ICT
• Hardware (CLASSIFICATION, DEVICES )

• Software(TYPES)

• ICT Platforms

• Network

• Data storage

• Security

• Communication Tools

• Standards and protocols


Hardware
• Computers: Desktops, laptops, tablets, and
servers that process data.
• Peripherals: Input devices (keyboards, mice,
scanners) and output devices (monitors, printers).
• Networking Equipment: Routers, switches,
modems that connect devices to each other and
the internet.
• Storage Devices: Hard drives, SSDs, USB flash
drives, and optical disks.
Classification of Computer
Computers can be classified based on various criteria, including their size,
purpose, and functionality. Here are the main classifications:

• By Size
• Supercomputers: Extremely powerful computers used for complex
calculations, simulations, and data processing (e.g., weather forecasting,
scientific research).
• Mainframe Computers: Large, powerful machines used primarily by large
organizations for bulk data processing, transaction processing, and large-
scale computing tasks.
• Minicomputers: Mid-sized computers that serve multiple users and are
often used in manufacturing and research.
Classification of Computer

•Personal Computers (PCs): Designed for individual use, available as


desktops or laptops.
•Microcomputers: Often synonymous with personal computers, but can also
refer to very small computing devices (e.g., Raspberry Pi).
Classification of Computer
• By Functionality

•Analog Computers: Use continuous data for calculations (e.g., early flight simulators,
some scientific applications).
•Digital Computers: Use discrete values (0s and 1s) to process data; most common type
today.
•Hybrid Computers: Combine features of both analog and digital computers, often used in
specialized applications.
Classification of Computer
• By Architecture

•Desktop Computers: Designed for regular use at a single location; includes components
like a monitor, keyboard, and CPU tower.
•Laptops: Portable computers with integrated screens and keyboards.
•Tablets: Touchscreen devices that are highly portable, often without a physical keyboard.
•Servers: Powerful computers designed to manage network resources and provide
services to other computers.
Basic Hardware devices

Input devices
•Keyboard: For typing and data entry.

•Mouse: A pointing device used for navigation.

•Scanner: Converts physical documents into digital format.

•Microphone: Captures audio input.

•Webcam: Captures video input for communication or recording .


Basic Hardware devices

Output devices
•Monitor: Displays visual output from the computer.
•Printer: Produces physical copies of documents and images.
•Speakers: Output sound and audio from the computer.
•Headphones: Personal audio output devices.
Basic Hardware devices

Storage devices
•Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Traditional storage for data and applications.

•Solid State Drive (SSD): Faster storage option using flash memory.

•USB Flash Drive: Portable storage device for transferring files.

•Optical Disc Drive: Reads and writes data on CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray

discs.
Software

•System Software: Operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) that manage


hardware resources.
•Application Software: Programs that perform specific tasks (word processors,
spreadsheets, databases).
•Development Software: Tools for creating software applications (IDEs,
compilers).
ICT Platforms

•Web Platforms: Browsers and web servers that enable access to online
resources.
•Mobile Platforms: Operating systems for smartphones and tablets (iOS,
Android).
•Cloud Platforms: Services that provide online resources and storage (AWS,
Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud)
Networks

•Local Area Networks (LANs): Connects devices within a limited area, like a
home or office.
•Wide Area Networks (WANs): Connects larger geographic areas, often using
leased telecommunication lines.
•Internet: A global network connecting millions of private, public, academic,
business, and government networks.
Data Storage

•Local Storage: Physical storage devices connected directly to a computer or


network.
•Cloud Storage: Online storage solutions that allow data to be stored and accessed
over the internet (e.g., Google Drive, Dropbox).
Security

•Firewalls: Protect networks from unauthorized access.


•Antivirus Software: Scans for and protects against malware.
•Encryption: Secures data by converting it into a code to prevent unauthorized
access.
Standards and Protocols

•Internet Protocols (IP): Set rules for data transmission over networks.
•Wi-Fi Standards: Protocols that define wireless networking (IEEE 802.11).
Communication Tools

•Email: For exchanging messages.

•Messaging Apps: Instant communication platforms (Slack, WhatsApp).

•Video Conferencing: Tools for virtual meetings (Zoom, Microsoft Teams).

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