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Hardware and Software

The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software, detailing the major components of a computer system such as the CPU, main memory, secondary storage, input, and output devices. It explains the functions of each component, including the roles of RAM and various types of secondary storage like HDDs, USBs, and optical devices. Additionally, it distinguishes between system software, which manages basic operations, and application software, which is designed for specific user tasks.

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21 views17 pages

Hardware and Software

The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software, detailing the major components of a computer system such as the CPU, main memory, secondary storage, input, and output devices. It explains the functions of each component, including the roles of RAM and various types of secondary storage like HDDs, USBs, and optical devices. Additionally, it distinguishes between system software, which manages basic operations, and application software, which is designed for specific user tasks.

Uploaded by

mpaucuizon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hardware

and
Software
Hardware
• hardware refers to all of the physical devices, or
components, that a computer is made of.
A typical computer system consists of
the following major components:

• Central processing unit (CPU)


• Main memory
• Secondary storage devices
• Input devices
• Output devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Central processor, main
processor, processor
• The brain of the computer
• Is a primary component of
any computer device, that
is responsible for carrying
out the instructions given
to it by the user.
In the earliest computers,
CPUs were huge devices made
Today, CPUs are small chips
of electrical and mechanical
components such as vacuum known as microprocessors
tubes and switches.
Main Memory
• Is a computer work area
• This is where the computer stores a program while the
program is running, as well as the data that the program is
working with.
Main Memory
• RAM (Random Access
Memory)
• RAM is a volatile type of
memory
• is used only for temporary
storage while a program is
running. When the
computer is turned off,
the contents of RAM are
erased.
Secondary Storage
• is a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of
time, even when there is no power to the computer.
• Programs are normally stored in secondary memory and
loaded into main memory as needed.
Secondary Storage
• Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• Is an internal or external
computer component that
stores data, such as the
operating system,
applications and user files.
Secondary Storage
• Floppy Disk
• Floppy or Diskette
• A removable storage media
used to store data on
computers
Secondary Storage
• USB
• Universal Serial Bus
• Memory stick or flash drive
• are small devices that plug
into the computer’s USB
port, and appear to the
system as a disk drive.
Secondary Storage
• Optical Devices
• CD (Compact Disc)
• DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)
• used to store digital data,
such as music, videos,
software programs, and
documents.
• CDs and DVDs use laser
technology to read and
write data. The laser reads
the bumps (pits) on the
disc's surface that
represent the data stored
on it.
Input Devices
• Is any data the computer • Keyboard
collects from people and • Mouse
from other devices • Scanner
• The component that • Microphone
collects the data and • Digital camera
sends it to the computer.
Output Devices
• Is any data the computer • Monitor
produces for people or for • Printer
other devices
• Projectors
• Speakers/Earphones
Software
• The programs that run on a computer.
• There are two general categories of software: system
software and application software.
System Software
• The programs that control and manage the basic
operations of a computer.
Software
Utility Programs Operating System Development Tools

performs a controls the internal operations of tools are the


the computer’s hardware, programs that
specialized task
manages all of the devices programmers use to
that enhances connected to the computer, allows
the computer’s create, modify, and
data to be saved to and retrieved
operation or test software.
from storage devices, and allows
safeguards data other programs to run on the
computer
Application Software
• Is a computer program design to carry out a specific task
for a user

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