Course Code: CE 2252
Course Title: Planning, Architecture and
Engineering System
Dr. Md. Niamul Bari
Professor
Dept. of Civil Engineering
RUET
12-12-2023
Environmental
Pollution and
Management
What is Environmental pollution ??
Environmental pollution refers to pollution of soil, water
and air as well as noise due to the excessive
concentration of foreign matter in the nature which
adversely affects the well being of the individual or
causes damage to property.
So, Component of Environmental Pollution is
Air Pollution
Soil Pollution
Water Pollution
Noise Pollution
Environmental pollution
Air Pollution
What is air pollution ??
Air pollution is the excessive concentration of
foreign matter (such as dust, fumes, gas, mist,
odour, smoke, or vapour) in the air which
adversely affects the well being of the individual
or causes damage to property.
What is Pollutants?
The substances which interact with the
environment to cause toxicity, disease,
aesthetic distress, physiological effects or
environmental decay have been denoted
as pollutants.
How can We Know?
There are three ways of identifying air pollution:
1. Sensory recognition
1. Strong or unusual odours
2. Reduction in visibility
3. Eye irritation
4. Acid taste in the mouth
5. Feel of grit under foot
2. Physical measurement of pollution
3. Effects on plants, animals, and buildings.
Sources of Pollutants
Nature
Human activity
Stationary
Mobile
Classification of Pollutants
Natural pollutants
Natural fog
Pollen grains (10 -50µ)
Bacteria (0.5-6µ)
Product of volcanic eruption
Aerosols
Dust (>20µ) (fly
( ash 80-3µ,
cement 150-10µ,
foundry dust 200-1µ)
Smoke (0.1-1µ)
Mists (500-40µ)
Fog (40-1µ)
Fumes
Gases and vapours
Important Gaseous Air Pollutants
No. Group Examples
1. Sulphur compounds SO2, SO3, H2S, mercaptans
2. Nitrogen compounds NO, NO2, NH3
3. Oxygen compounds O3, CO, CO2
4. Halogen compounds HF, HCl
5. Organic compounds Aldehydes, hydrocarbons
6. Radioactive compounds Radioactive gases
Unsaturated hydrocarbons react with nitrogen dioxide in
sunlight to form smog.
Stationary and Mobile Sources
1. Point sources (small stationary sources)
2. Area sources (large stationary sources and mobile
sources with indefinite routes)
3. Line sources (Mobile sources with definite routes)
Industrial Era
With the invention of
steam engine, a new
journey of human race
began.
Soon after, the
industrial revolution
took place.
Revolution of IC
engine
Industrial Era
Consequence ?
Environmental
Pollution
Effect of Air Pollution on
Human Health
Importance of Air in Life
Average breathing 22000 times/day
Air taking 16 kg each day
A man can live Without
Food for 5 weeks
Water for 5 days
Air for 5 minutes
The Prime Factors Affecting Human
Health
1. Nature of the pollutant
2. Concentration of pollutant
3. Duration of exposure
4. State of health
5. Age group of the receptor
What may Happen?
Infant, the elderly and infirm are more
susceptible to the effect of air pollution.
Chronic diseases of the lungs and heart are to
be great risk.
The effect of air pollution on human health is
worst during the winter season, when pollution
levels reach a climax.
Indication of Air Pollution
o Objectionable odour
o Visibility reduction
o Eye irritation
o Vegetation damage
Health Effects
1. Eye, nose and throat irritation.
2. Irritation of respiratory tract.
3. Gases like H2S, NH3, mercaptans cause odour
nuisance even at low concentration.
4. Increase in mortality rate and morbidity rate.
5. A variety of particulates partcularly pollens,
initiate asthmatic attacks.
6. Chronic pulmonary diseases like bronchitis and
asthma, are aggravated by a high concentration
of SO2, NO2, particulate matter and
photochemical smog.
Health Effects
7. CO2 combines with haemoglobin in the blood and
increase the suffering from cardiovascular and
pulmonary diseases.
8. HF causes diseases of the bone (fluorosis), and
mottling of teeth.
9. Carcinogenic agents cause cancer.
10. Dust particles cause respiratory disease like
silicosis, asbestosis, etc.
11.Certain heavy metals like lead may enter the
body through the lungs and cause poisonong.
Effect of Radioactive Fallout
Radioactive fallout always causes long range
effects affecting the future of man and hence
the future of civilization. The specific effects
are:
• Cancer
• Shortening of life span
• Genetic effects or mutation
Control of Air Pollution
1. Reduction of pollutant discharge at the source by control
equipment.
2. Reduction at source through raw material changes,
operational changes or modification, or replacement of
process equipment.
3. Dilution of the source discharge by the use of tall stacks.
4. Dispersion of source locations through allocation of land
usage, i.e., proper planning and zoning of industrial area.
Smoke Prevention and Control
1. Use of low volatile fuel (bituminous coal and
anthracite coal)
2. Use smokeless fuels (coke)
3. Strict enforcement of ‘smoke ordinance’
4. Proper design and maintenance of stacks
5. Use of proper combustion equipment
6. Use of particulate control equipment
Control of Gaseous Pollutants
1. Combustion
2. Absorption
3. Adsorption
4. Closed collection and recovery system
5. Masking and counter action (for odour)
Odour Control
1. Modification of the process
2. Dilution by ventilation or dispersal
3. Absorption
4. Adsorption
5. Combustion or oxidation
6. Odour masking
7. Odour counteraction or neutralization
8. Injection of a reactive substances
9. Irradiation
What should We Do?
Wear recommended apron.
Wear recommended mask.
Wear safety goggles.
Wear hand gloves.
Avoid long time exposure to polluted environment.
Adapt appropriate food habit.
Maintain adequate sleeping.
Maintain regular medical checkup.
Improve physical fitness.
Thank
you all
