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Scalars and Vectors

The document is a lesson on Scalars and Vectors for General Physics 1, aimed at Senior High School students. It explains the differences between scalar and vector quantities, how to illustrate vector diagrams, and how to determine the vector sum of two vectors. The document includes examples, exercises, and assessments to reinforce understanding of the concepts.

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Lord William Pacurib
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21 views33 pages

Scalars and Vectors

The document is a lesson on Scalars and Vectors for General Physics 1, aimed at Senior High School students. It explains the differences between scalar and vector quantities, how to illustrate vector diagrams, and how to determine the vector sum of two vectors. The document includes examples, exercises, and assessments to reinforce understanding of the concepts.

Uploaded by

Lord William Pacurib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DON BOSCO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF VICTORIAS INC.

VICMICO, Victorias City, 6119 Negros Occidental, Philippines


Senior High School Department | School Year 2022–2023

SCALARS AND
VECTORS
General Physics 1
Science, Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics 12
CHAPTER 2: Scalars and Vectors
• OBJECTIVES
Understand the difference
between scalar and
vector quantities.
• Illustrate and apply vector
diagrams for different
problems.
• Determine the vector sum
between two vectors.
INTRODUCTION
Physical quantities can be described in two forms:
Activity 1: Scalar or Vector?

You are driving a car. Is the following


quantity a scalar or a vector?
30m/s
Scalar
________
Your vehicle malfunctioned and you have
no choice but to walk from home to
school. Is the following quantity a scalar or
a vector?

24 meters
Scalar
________
Your roamed around the school in
pursuit of the library. Is the following
quantity a scalar or a vector?
15 meters
West
Vector
________
You doze off for a few minutes while your
teacher is having a lecture on physics. Is
the following quantity a scalar or a
vector?

10 minutes
Scalar
________
You are quietly passing by a construction
site when a huge boulder crashed on your
head. Is the following quantity a scalar or
a vector?
9.8 m/s^2
downwards
Vector
________
PROPER

Scalars are quantities that have magnitudes


only.

SPEED MASS VOLUME TIME


Vectors are quantities which exhibit both
magnitude and direction.

VELOCITY WEIGHT FRICTION


Physicists distinguish vector quantities
from scalar by simply drawing an
arrow above the vector quantity:

→
𝑎 𝑎
• Vectors can be
illustrated in the
form of vector
diagrams.

• A vector diagram
uses arrows to
show the direction
of the vector with
its length based on
its magnitude.
Generally, we represent the
horizontal line as the x-axis
and the vertical line as the y-
axis. This is what we call the
Cartesian coordinate
system.

The Cartesian coordinate


system allows us to designate
each point in the form (x, y)
across the Cartesian plane.
Vector Addition: Two Positive
Vectors
A vector sum or resultant
vector can be produced from
two vectors.
• Connect the arrowhead of
the first vector onto the tail of
the second.
• Connect the tail of the vector
to the head of a vector using
an arrow pointing toward the
vector.
The magnitude of the vector can be
determined by the following equation:
On the other hand, the angle of the vector can
be determined by the following equation:

−1 𝑦
𝜃= tan
𝑥
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
Imagine you're taking a stroll.
You walk 100 meters north
and then 50 meters east. Draw
a vector diagram to represent
your displacement. Calculate
the magnitude and the angle
of your overall displacement.
FIND:
1. Resultant vector (c)
SOLUTION: Finding the resultant vector.
2. Angle (θ)
𝑐= √ 𝑎 +𝑏 2 2

𝑐= √ 50 +100
2 2
𝑐= √ 2500 m + 10000 m
2 2

𝑐= √ 12500 m 2

𝒄=𝟏𝟏𝟏 .𝟖 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
SOLUTION: Finding the angle
−1 𝑦
𝜃= tan
𝑥
= tan
−1
(2)
≈ 𝟔𝟑 . 𝟒𝟑 °
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2: You are set to find the
treasure left by the Pirate King. You sail 50 km east
and finally 20 km south. Calculate your overall
displacement both in magnitude and direction.
FIND:
1. Displacement or the resultant vector(c)
2. Angle (θ)Finding the resultant vector.
SOLUTION:

𝑐= √ 𝑎 +𝑏 2 2

𝑐= √ ( 50 km ) + ( 20 km )
2 2
𝑐= √ 2500 km +400 km
2 2

𝑐= √ 2900 km 2

𝒄=𝟓𝟑. 𝟖𝟓 𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
SOLUTION: Finding the angle
−1 𝑦
𝜃= tan
𝑥
= tan
−1
( 0.4)
≈ 𝟐𝟏 . 𝟖 °
SAMPLE PROBLEM
3: Imagine two forces
of 5 N and 8 N act in
the same direction.
Find their resultant
force.
FIND: Resultant force (vector)
SOLUTION: Finding the resultant vector of two

𝑐=𝑎+ 𝑏
forces in the same direction.

𝑐=5 N +8 N
𝒄=𝟏𝟑 𝐍𝐞𝐰𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐬
EXERCISE 1: A hiker walks 40 meters EAST and
then 25 meters NORTH. Calculate the hiker's
displacement from their starting point and the
angle of this displacement from the EAST
direction.
EXERCISE 2: A car travels 60
kilometers SOUTH and then
80 kilometers WEST.
Calculate the car's resultant
displacement from its initial
position and the angle of this
displacement relative to the
SOUTH direction.
ASSESSMENT: Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. Which of the following is a
scalar quantity?
a. Velocity
b. Mass
c. Acceleration
d. Displacement
ASSESSMENT: Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
2. What does a vector quantity have
that a scalar quantity does not?
a. Speed
b. Magnitude
c. Direction
d. Units
ASSESSMENT: Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

3. When adding vectors graphically, the


resultant vector is represented by:
a. The vector closest to the origin
b. The vector with the largest magnitude
c. The vector with the smallest
magnitude
d. The sum of all vectors
ASSESSMENT: Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

4. If two vectors have the same direction,


their resultant vector will have:
a. A smaller magnitude than either vector
b. A larger magnitude than either vector
c. The same magnitude as either vector
d. A magnitude of zero
ASSESSMENT: Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
5. What is the result of subtracting
a vector from itself?
a. A vector with half the magnitude
b. A vector with zero magnitude
c. A vector with twice the magnitude
d. A vector with the same magnitude

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