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Gunjan Mah or Quantum Computing

The document provides an overview of quantum computing, explaining its principles, evolution, and key components such as superposition and entanglement. It discusses the advantages of quantum computers over classical ones, including faster data processing and potential applications in cryptography, medicine, and machine learning. Additionally, it highlights the contributions of tech giants and Indian institutions to the field, as well as future innovations and ethical challenges.

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gunjan bannu
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18 views20 pages

Gunjan Mah or Quantum Computing

The document provides an overview of quantum computing, explaining its principles, evolution, and key components such as superposition and entanglement. It discusses the advantages of quantum computers over classical ones, including faster data processing and potential applications in cryptography, medicine, and machine learning. Additionally, it highlights the contributions of tech giants and Indian institutions to the field, as well as future innovations and ethical challenges.

Uploaded by

gunjan bannu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IPS College of Technology and

Management

Quantum
Computing
Understanding the Future of Computing

Submitted to Submitted By
Mr. Hitesh Gunjan Mahor
Karan B.tech CSE A
English for Communication
BT103
What is Quantum
Computing?
• Quantum computing is an area of
computer science that uses the principles
of quantum theory. Quantum theory
explains the behavior of energy and
material on the atomic and subatomic
levels.
• Quantum computing uses subatomic
particles, such as electrons or photons.
Quantum bits, or qubits, allow these
particles to exist in more than one state
(i.e., 1 and 0) at the same time.
Quantum V/s Classical
Computing
Evolution of Quantum Computer

• 1982 – Richard Feyman proposed the idea of creating machine based on


the laws of quantum mechanics.
• 1985 – David Deutsch developed the quantum Turing machine, showing
that quantum circuits are universal.
• 1994 – Peter Shor came up with a quantum algorithm to factor very large
numbers in polynomial time.
• 1997 – Lov Grover develops a quantum search algorithm with O()
complexity.
Key Component of Quantum
Computing
Superposition
• A qubit can exist in a combination of states (0 and 1) simultaneously.
• Unlike classical bits, qubits leverage this principle to perform multiple calculations
at once.
• Example: A spinning coin represents superposition until observed.

Entanglement
• When two qubits become linked, the state of one affects the state of the other, no
matter the distance.
• This correlation enables powerful computations and secure quantum
communication.
• Example: Twin particles; measuring one instantly defines the state of the other.
Quantum Interference
• The ability to amplify desired computational outcomes while canceling out others.
• Explanation: Quantum systems interfere constructively or destructively to solve
complex problems more efficiently.
Qubits
• A qubit is a two-level quantum system where the two basic
qubit states are usually written as ∣ 0 ⟩ and ∣ 1 ⟩.
• A qubit can be in state ∣ 0⟩ and ∣ 1⟩ or (unlike a classical
bit) in a linear combination of both states. The name of
this phenomenon is superposition.
Graphical Representation of
QUBIT
Why Quantum Computer
• In future transistor will be so small and it will generate so much heat that standard
silicon technology may eventually collapse.

• If scale become too small, electrons tunnel through micro-thin barriers between
wires corrupting signals.

• Process massive amount of complex data in very less time than classical computer.

• Ability to solve scientific ,commercial problems , which never have even solved.

• Process data in much faster speed.

• Capability to convey more accurate answers.


Architecture of Quantum Computer

Most important parts of Quantum Computer:


o Dilution Refrigerator
o QPU(Quantum Processing Unit)
Dilution Refrigerator
• It maintains the temperature inside the box at 15mK(-273.135).
• Uses liquid helium refrigerant in a closed loop system.
• Reduce the Temperature in stepwise manner.
Quantum Processing Unit(QPU)
• Built from a lattice of tiny loops of the metal niobium, each of
which is one qubit (shown in red).
• Below temperatures of 9.2 kelvin, niobium becomes a
superconductor and exhibits quantum mechanical effects.
• When in a quantum state, current flows in both directions
simultaneously, which means that the qubit is in superposition.
• At the end of the problem-solving process, this superposition
collapses into one of the two classical states, 0 or 1.
Quantum Algorithm
Shor’s Algorithm
• Number of steps that a classic computer needs to run in order to
find the prime factors of a number N of x digits

It grows exponentially with x


Grover Algorithm
• How many attempts need a data search in an unordered N- element
database to locate a particular element?

An average of N/2 attempts are needed

• An quantum computing executing the Grover's algorithm would run N attempts.

• After approximately N​iterations (Grover iterations), the probability of measuring the


correct solution becomes nearly 1.
Application of Quantum
• Cryptography: Computing
Quantum computers have the potential to keep private data safe from snoops
and hackers, no matter where it is stored or processed.
• Medicine & Materials:
A quantum computer mimics the computing style of nature, allowing it to
simulate, understand and improve upon natural things-like molecules, and their
interactions.
• Machine Learning:
Research indicates that quantum computing could significantly accelerate
machine learning and data analysis tasks.
• Searching Big Data:
Quantum computing can search the ever-growing amount of data being created,
and locate connections within it, significantly faster than classical computers,
that will have tremendous impact across many industries.
Disadvantages and Problems:
• Moral, ethical, social, and economic issues:
 Growing too much dependency on machines.
 Economic division: who can/cannot afford technology.
• Not suitable for word processing and email.
• Internet Security.
• Complex hardware schemes like superconductors.
Tech – Giants’ Utilizing Quantum
Computing
• IBM
• D-Wave Systems
• Google
• Microsoft Corporation
• Rigetti Computing
• IonQ
How they are Leading the Quantum Race?
• IBM: Pioneering with superconducting qubits and quantum
platforms like IBM Quantum Experience and Qiskit.

• Google: Achieved quantum supremacy with Sycamore and continues


advancing quantum research.

• Microsoft: Focuses on topological qubits and offers the Azure


Quantum platform for developers.

• D-Wave: Specializes in quantum annealing for solving optimization


problems in real-world applications.
Future of Quantum Computing

Quantum Innovations:
• Quantum Internet: Unhackable communication via quantum entanglement.
• Hybrid Systems: Quantum and classical computers solving complex problems
together.

Transformative Impact:
• Cryptography: Quantum-safe encryption.
• Medicine: Faster drug discovery.
• AI: Advanced machine learning with quantum speed.

Ethical Challenges:
• Balancing innovation with security.
• Ensuring equitable access globally.
Indian Contributions to Quantum
• Indian government’s 6000Computing
crore Rupees initiative to boost quantum
research and applications.
• Institutions Leading the Way: IISc, IITs, and TIFR driving advancements in
quantum technology.

• Focus Areas :
I. Developing quantum encryption for secure communication.
II. Building indigenous quantum computing hardware and algorithms.

• Global Collaboration : Partnerships with international research centers and


tech companies to accelerate progress.
Thank You 😊
Do You Have Any Question????

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