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MODULE-4-Random-Sampling-Parameter-and-Statistic-and-Sample-Distribution-of-Sample-Means

The document discusses random sampling, distinguishing between parameters and statistics, and the concept of sampling distributions. It defines key terms such as population, sample, and various random sampling techniques including lottery, systematic, stratified, cluster, and multi-stage sampling. Additionally, it explains the difference between a parameter (descriptive measure of a population) and a statistic (descriptive measure of a sample), along with examples of constructing sampling distributions.

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Jennah Naguit
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7 views

MODULE-4-Random-Sampling-Parameter-and-Statistic-and-Sample-Distribution-of-Sample-Means

The document discusses random sampling, distinguishing between parameters and statistics, and the concept of sampling distributions. It defines key terms such as population, sample, and various random sampling techniques including lottery, systematic, stratified, cluster, and multi-stage sampling. Additionally, it explains the difference between a parameter (descriptive measure of a population) and a statistic (descriptive measure of a sample), along with examples of constructing sampling distributions.

Uploaded by

Jennah Naguit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Random

Sampling,
Parameter and Statistic,
and Sampling
Distributions of Statistics
Objectives

1.illustrate random sampling; (M11/12SP-


IIId-2)
2.distinguish between parameter and
statistic; (M11/12SP-IIId-3) and
3.identify sampling distribution of statistics
(sample mean).(M11/12SP-IIId-4)
Population

The population refers to the whole group


under study or investigation. In research,
the population does not always refer to
people. It may mean a group containing
elements of anything you want to study,
such as objects, events, organizations,
countries, species, organisms, etc.
Sample
A sample is a subset taken from a
population, either by random sampling
or by non-random sampling. A sample is
a representation of the population
where it is hoped that valid conclusions
will be drawn from the population.
Random Sampling
Random sampling is a selection of n
elements derived from the N population,
which is the subject of an investigation or
experiment, where each point of the
sample has an equal chance of being
selected using the appropriate sampling
technique.
Types of Random Sampling
Techniques
1. Lottery sampling is a sampling technique
in which each member of the population has
an equal chance of being selected. An
instance of this is when members of the
population have their names represented by
small pieces of paper that are then randomly
mixed together and picked out. In the
sample, the members selected will be
included.
2. Systematic sampling is a sampling technique in which
members of the population are listed and samples are
selected at intervals called sample intervals. In this
technique, every nth item in the list will be selected from
a randomly selected starting point. For example, if we
want to draw a 200 sample from a population of 6,000,
we can select every 3rd person in the list. In practice, the
numbers between 1 and 30 will be chosen randomly to
act as the starting point.
3. Stratified random sampling is a sampling procedure in
which members of the population are grouped on the
basis of their homogeneity. This technique is used when
there are a number of distinct subgroups in the
population within which full representation is required.
The sample is constructed by classifying the population
into subpopulations or strata on the basis of certain
characteristics of the population, such as age, gender or
socio-economic status. The selection of elements is then
done separately from within each stratum, usually by
random or systematic sampling methods.
Example: Using stratified random
sampling, select a sample of 400 students
from the population which are grouped
according to the cities they come from.
4. Cluster sampling is sometimes referred
to as area sampling and applied on a
geographical basis. Generally, first sampling is
performed at higher levels before going down
to lower levels. For example, samples are taken
randomly from the provinces first, followed by
cities, municipalities or barangays, and then
from households.
5. Multi-stage sampling uses a combination of
different sampling techniques. For example,
when selecting respondents for a national
election survey, we can use the lottery method
first for regions and cities. We can then use
stratified sampling to determine the number of
respondents from selected areas and clusters.
1. It refers to the entire
group that is under
study or investigation.
It is a subset taken from a population,
either by random or non-random
sampling technique. A sample is a
representation of the population where
one hopes to draw valid conclusions
from about population.
3. This is a selection of n elements
derived from a population N, which is the
subject of the investigation or
experiment, where each sample point has
an equal chance of being selected using
the appropriate sampling technique.
4. A sampling technique
where every member of the
population has an equal
chance of being selected.
5. It refers to a sampling
technique in which members of
the population are listed and
samples are selected in intervals
called sample intervals.
Identify the type of sampling
method.
Parameter
A parameter is a descriptive population
measure. It is a measure of the
characteristics of the entire population (a
mass of all the units under consideration
that share common characteristics) based
on all the elements within that
population.
Parameter
Statistic
Statistic is the number that describes
the sample.
Decide whether the statement
describes a parameter or statistic.
A population consists of the five
numbers 2, 3, 6, 10 and 12. Consider
samples of size 2 that can be drawn
from this population.
Samp Samp A sampling distribution of sample
le le mean is a frequency distribution
Mean using the means computed from all
(ẋ)
possible random samples of a specific
2,3 2.5
size taken from a population

2, 3, 6, 10,
2,6 4
2,10 6
2,12 7
3,6 4.5 12
3,10 6.5
3,12 7.5 ẋ 2. 4 4. 5 6. 7 7. 8 9 11
6,10 8 5 5 5 5
6,12 9 P(ẋ 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1
1/10
) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Your Turn!

Construct a sampling distribution of


sample mean for the set of data below.
86 88 90 95 98
Consider a sample size of 3 that can be
drawn from a population.
A population consists of the numbers
2, 4, 8, 10 and 5. Let us list all the
possible samples of size 3 from this
population and construct the sampling
distribution of the sample mean.

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