CENTRAL LIMIT

THEOREM
​
OBJECTIVES
1. illustrate the Central Limit
Theorem;
2. define the sampling distribution
of the sample mean using the
Central Limit Theorem; and
3. solve problems involving
sampling distributions of the
 4

CENTRAL LIMIT
THEOREM
states that the sampling
distribution of the mean
approaches a normal
distribution, as the sample
size increases.
CENTRAL LIMIT 5

THEOREM
Regardless of the initial
shape of the population
distribution, if samples of size
n are randomly selected from
a population, the sampling
distribution of the sampling
means will approach a
normal distribution as the
STANDARD ERROR 6

OF THE MEAN
measures the degree of
accuracy of the sample
mean (μ𝑥̅ ) as an estimate
of the population mean
(μ). It is also known as the
standard deviation of
the sampling
STANDARD ERROR 7

OF THE MEAN
1. What can you say
about the ACTIVITY 8

relationship of the Determine the standard error of

sample size and the the mean for each of the
standard error?
2. How does this following sample size n given
relationship affect
the distribution?
the population standard
deviation of 30. Round off your
3. When do we answer to the nearest
obtain a good

a. 𝑛 = 5
estimate of the hundredths.

b. 𝑛 = 12
mean?
4. When do we say

c. 𝑛 = 28
that the mean is a
poor estimate?
 9

NOTE:
Remember that if we want
to get a good estimate of
the population mean, we
have to make n sufficiently
large. This fact is stated as
a theorem in the Central
Limit Theorem.
SEATWORK 10

1.Which sample size gives a smaller

standard error of the mean according to
Central Limit theorem?
A. 10 B. 15 C. 25 D. 35
SEATWORK 11

2. The Central Limit Theorem says that

the sampling distribution of the sample
mean is approximately normal if
__________.
A. the sample size is large.
B. all possible sample are selected.
C. the standard error of the sampling
mean is small.
SEATWORK 12

3. The mean of the sampling distribution of

the sample means according to the Central
Limit Theorem is __________.
A. exactly equal to the population mean.
B. close to the population mean if the sample
size is large.
C. equal to the population mean divided by
the square of the sample size.
D. cannot be determined.
SEATWORK 13

4. The standard deviation of the sampling

distribution of the sample means
according to the Central Limit Theorem is
__________.
A. exactly equal to the standard
deviation.
B. close to the population standard
deviation if the sample size is large.
C. equal to the population standard
SEATWORK 14

5. Samples of size 25 are selected

from a population with a mean of 40
and a standard deviation of 7.5. What
is the standard error of the sampling
distribution of sample means?

A. 0.3 B. 1.5 C. 7.5 D. 8

SEATWORK 15

6. What happens to the shape of a

sampling distribution of sample
means as n increases? A. It becomes
narrower and more normal
C. It becomes narrower and bimodal
B. It becomes wider and more normal
D. It becomes wider and skewed right
SEATWORK 16

7. In a group of 20 randomly selected

unicorns, the mean is 1,000 and the
standard deviation is 25, what is the
standard deviation of the sampling
distribution?

A. 25 B. 5.59 C. 4 D.
1.25
SEATWORK 17

8. If the random samples are large,

what is the shape of the sampling
distribution of the mean?
A. skewed to the left
B. normal
C. skewed to the right
D. rectangular
SEATWORK 18

9.These symbols μ and σ

represent the mean and standard
deviation for which of the
following choices?
A. The Population
B. The Sampling Distribution
C. The Sample
 Given: μ = 46.2 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠; 𝜎 =
REVIEW 19

8 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠;

1.𝑃(𝑋̅ < 43) 7. 𝑃(20<𝑋̅ <

Find:

2.𝑃(𝑋̅ < 20) 8. 𝑃(43<𝑋̅

43)

3.𝑃(𝑋̅ < 50)

< 50)

𝑃(20<𝑋̅ < 50)

9.

4.𝑃(𝑋̅ > 25)

5.𝑃(𝑋̅ >43)
 20

CENTRAL LIMIT
THEOREM
1. Assume that the variable is normally distributed,
the average time it takes a group of senior
high school students to complete a certain
examination is 46.2 minutes while the
standard deviation is 8 minutes. What is the
probability that a randomly selected senior high
school students will complete the examination in
less than 43 minutes?

a. If 50 randomly selected senior high school

students take the examination, what is the
probability that the mean time it takes the group to
complete the test will be less than 43 minutes?
Solution for #1: Step 4: Draw a graph and
Step1: Identify the parts of the plot the z-score and its

Given: μ = 46.2 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠; 𝜎 =

problem. corresponding area. Then,

8 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠; 𝑋̅ = 43 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 looking for: 𝑃(𝑋̅ < 43).

shade the part that you’re

Find: 𝑃Use
Step2: (𝑋̅ the formula to find the
< 43)
z-score.

Therefore, the probability

Step 3: Use the z-table to look up
that a randomly selected
the z-score you calculated in step senior high school student

𝑧 = −0.40 has a corresponding

2. will complete the
examination in less than 43
Solution for #1: Step 4: Draw a graph and
Step1: Identify the parts of the plot the z-score and its

Given: μ = 46.2 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠; 𝜎 =

problem. corresponding area. Then,

8 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠; n = 50; 𝑋̅ = 43 looking for: 𝑃(𝑋̅ < 43).

shade the part that you’re

𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
Step2: Use 𝑃(𝑋̅ < 43)
the formula
Find: to find the
z-score.

Therefore, the probability

Step 3: Use the z-table to look up
that a randomly selected 50
the z-score you calculated in step senior high school students

𝑧 = −2.83 has a corresponding

2. will complete the
examination in less than 43
YOUR TURN!

An electrical company claims that

the average life of the bulbs it
manufactures is 1 200 hours with a
standard deviation of 250 hours. If a
random sample of 100 bulbs is
chosen, what is the probability that
the sample mean will be between
1150 hours and 1 250 hours?
SEATWORK
SEATWORK 2 26

1. A group of 625 students has a

mean age of 15.8 years with a
standard deviation of 0.6 years. The
ages are normally distributed. What
is the probability that a randomly
selected students are older than 16.5
years old?
A. 12.1% B. 86.4% C. 87.9% D.
 27

For numbers 2-5, refer to

the problem below. The
average precipitation for
the first 7 months of the
year is 19.32 inches with a
standard deviation of 2.4
inches. Assume that the
average precipitation is
normally distributed.
SEATWORK 28

12.What is the average

precipitation of 5 randomly
selected years for the first 7
months?
A. 19.32 in
B. 22.4 in
C. 20.52 in
SEATWORK 29

13.What is the probability that a

randomly selected year will have
precipitation greater than 18
inches for the first 7 months?
A. 0.7088 C. 0.8523
B. 0.4562 D. 0.1258
SEATWORK 30

14.Compute the z-score for

precipitation of 18 inches for 5
randomly selected years for the
first 7 months.
A. – 0.55 B. 0.55 C. 1. 23 D. –
1.23
SEATWORK 31

15. What is the probability of 5

randomly selected years will have
an average precipitation greater
than 18 inches for the first 7
months?
A. 0.8907 C. 0.2587
B. 0.4156 D. 0.2879
 “Problem Solving
PROJECT Booklet
32

(Central
Rubrics 10 Limit
8 pointsTheorem)”
5 points 3 points 0 point
Score points
Content Obtained Obtained Attempte Attempte Did not
and the the d to d to attempt
Accuracy correct correct answer answer to answer
of answer answer the the the
Solutions with with problem problem problem
complete partially with by writing
and correct incorrect solutions
correct solutions solutions not
solutions related to
the topic
Additional Points for Assignme
nt
Effort Worked Put some Did not
hard and work and put any
put a lot a bit of work and
of effort effort to effort to
to do the do the do the
1. The average number of milligrams (mg)
of cholesterol in a cup of a certain brand
of ice cream is 660 mg, the standard
deviation is 35 mg. Assume the variable
is normally distributed.
a. If a cup of ice cream is selected, what is
the probability that the cholesterol
content will be more than 670 mg?
b. b. If a sample of 10 cups of ice cream is
selected, what is the probability that the
2. In a study of the life expectancy of 400
people in a certain geographic region, the
mean age at death was 70 years, and the
standard deviation was 5.1 years. If a
sample of 50 people from this region is
selected, what is the probability that the
mean life expectancy will be less than 68
years?
3. The average cholesterol content of a
certain canned goods is 215 milligrams, and
the standard deviation is 15 milligrams.
Assume that the variable is normally
distributed. If a sample of 25 canned goods
is selected, what is the probability that the
mean of the sample will be greater than
220 milligrams?
4. The average public elementary school
has 468 students with a standard deviation
of 87. If a random sample of 38 public
elementary schools is selected, what is the
probability that the number of students
enrolled is between 445 and 485?
5. There are 250 dogs at a dog show that
weigh an average of 12 pounds, with a
standard deviation of 8 pounds. If 4 dogs
are chosen at random, what is the
probability that the average weight is
greater than 8 pounds?
6. The average number of pages in a novel
is 326 with a standard deviation of 24
pages. If a sample of 50 novels is randomly
chosen, what is the probability that the
average number of pages in these books is
between 319 and 331?
7. The number of driving miles before a
certain kind of tire begins to show wear is
on the average, 16,800 miles with a
standard deviation of 3,300 miles.
a. What is the probability that the 36
tires will have an average of less than
16,000 miles until the tires begin to wear
out?
b. What is the probability that the 36
tires will have an average of more than
 40

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