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Routing Protocols

The document discusses various routing protocols, including static and dynamic routes, and their characteristics. It details specific protocols such as RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, and OSPF, highlighting their metrics, operational methods, and advantages. The document emphasizes the importance of routing protocols in maintaining routing tables and adapting to network topology changes.

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rommel.asuncion
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3 views

Routing Protocols

The document discusses various routing protocols, including static and dynamic routes, and their characteristics. It details specific protocols such as RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, and OSPF, highlighting their metrics, operational methods, and advantages. The document emphasizes the importance of routing protocols in maintaining routing tables and adapting to network topology changes.

Uploaded by

rommel.asuncion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Routing

Protocols
Route Types
Static Route
 Static Routes must be configured
manually, any network topology
changes require the network
administrator to add and delete
static routes to account for the
changes.
Dynamic Routes
The goal of a routing
protocol is to build and
maintain the routing
table. This table
contains the learned
networks and
associated ports for
those networks.
Routers use routing
protocols to manage
information received
from other routers,
information learned
from the configuration
of its own interfaces,
along with manually
configured routes.
Classes of Routing
Protocols The distance vector
routing approach
determines the
direction (vector)
and distance to any
link in the
internetwork.

The link-state
approach, also
called shortest path
first, recreates the
exact topology of
the entire
internetwork.
IP Routing Protocol
At the Internet layer of
the TCP/IP suite of
protocols, a router can
use an IP routing protocol
to accomplish routing
through the
implementation of a
specific routing
algorithm. Examples of IP
routing protocols include:

•RIP – A distance vector


interior routing protocol
•IGRP – Cisco's distance
vector interior routing
protocol
•OSPF – A link-state
interior routing protocol
•EIGRP – Cisco’s
advanced distance vector
interior routing protocol
•BGP – A distance vector
exterior routing protocol
Routing Information
Protocol - RIP
 RIP sends routing-update messages at
regular intervals. When a router receives a
routing update that includes changes to an
entry, it updates its routing table to reflect
the new route. The received metric value
for the path is increased by 1, and the
source interface of the update is indicated
as the next hop in the routing table. RIP
routers maintain only the best route to a
destination but can maintain multiple
equal-cost paths to the destination.
RIP – Continuation
Metric – Hop Count ( Total Hops should
not exceed 15 )
Versions – Version 1 for classful
routing
Version 2 for classless
routing
By default RIP listens both version 1
and 2 traffic but sends only version 1
traffic to its neighbors running RIP
Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol - IGRP
 IGRP is a distance vector routing protocol
developed by Cisco. IGRP sends routing
updates at 90 second intervals, advertising
networks for a particular autonomous
system. Key design characteristics of IGRP
are a follows:
 The versatility to automatically handle indefinite,
complex topologies
 The flexibility needed to segment with different
bandwidth and delay characteristics
 Scalability for functioning in very large networks
IGRP - Continuation
 Metric – Composite Metric;
 Bandwidth
 Delay
 Load
 Reliability
 MTU
Note: Only Bandwidth and Delay are enabled by default

 It is a Classful routing protocol


 The Default Hop Count is 100 but
can be configured up to 255 hops
Enhanced Interior Gateway
Routing Protocol
 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol (EIGRP) is a Cisco-
proprietary routing protocol based on
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
(IGRP). EIGRP supports classless
interdomain routing (CIDR), allowing
network designers to maximize
address space by using CIDR and
variable-length subnet mask (VLSM).
EIGRP - Continuation
 Metric – Composite Metric;
 Bandwidth
 Delay
 Load
 Reliability
 MTU
Note: Only Bandwidth and Delay are enabled by default

 It is a Classless routing protocol


 The Default Hop Count is 100 but can be
configured up to 224 hops
 Maintains Three Tables; Routing Table,
Neighbor Table and the Topology Table
Open Shortest Path First
- OSPF
 OSPF is becoming the preferred IGP
protocol when compared with RIP v1
and RIP v2 because it is scalable.
RIP is limited to 15 hops, it
converges slowly, and it sometimes
chooses slow routes because it
ignores critical factors such as
bandwidth in route determination.
OSPF - Continuation
 Metric – Cost
 Cost is calculated using the formula
108/bandwidth, where bandwidth is
expressed in bps.
 Open Stardard
 Maintains Three Tables; Routing
Table, Neighbor Table and the
Database Table
 Link-State Routing Protocol

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