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LESSON 2 Stat Random Variable

The document provides an overview of random variables, including types (discrete and continuous), examples, and probability distributions. It explains how to determine if a distribution is valid, calculate probabilities, and find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of random variables. Additionally, it includes practical examples related to defective items and deliveries in a bakery.

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ryotamiyagi779
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7 views26 pages

LESSON 2 Stat Random Variable

The document provides an overview of random variables, including types (discrete and continuous), examples, and probability distributions. It explains how to determine if a distribution is valid, calculate probabilities, and find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of random variables. Additionally, it includes practical examples related to defective items and deliveries in a bakery.

Uploaded by

ryotamiyagi779
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS AND

PROBABILITY
Rosita S. Calingayan
Teacher
ASSIGNMENT: IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF RANDOM
VARIABLE OF THE FOLLOWING:

1. The number of female students. Discrete

2. The time needed to finish the


Continous
module.
3. The speed of the tricycle. Continous
4. The number of defective mobile
phones produced by manufacturer.. Discrete

5. Number of steps in Eiffer Tower. Discrete


RANDOM VARIABLE-

EXPERIMENT RANDOM VARIABL X Possible values of


Random Variable
Flipping a Coin Number of heads in 4
flips of a coin
Number of heads in
3flips of a coin
Number of heads in
6flips of a coin
RANDOM VARIABLE-

EXPERIMENT RANDOM VARIABL X Possible values of


Random Variable
Flipping a Coin Number of tosses until
the coin lands tail
Set of integers Integers from 2-6
Set of real numbers Real numbers from 2-6
RANDOM VARIABLE-

A coin is tossed 4 times (Be the number of heads)

SAMPLE SPACE NUMBER OF SAMPLE SPACE NUMBER OF


HEADS HEADS
TTTT O THHH 3
HTTT 1 HTHH 3
THTT 1 HHTH 3
TTHT 1 HHHT 3
TTTH 1 THHT 2
HHTT 2 THTH 2
HTHT 2 TTHH 2
HTTH 2 HHHH 4
RANDOM VARIABLE
Number of 0 1 2 3 4
Heaads
Sample TTTT HTTT HHTT THHH HHHH
Points THTT HTHT HTHH
TTHT HTTH HHTH
TTTH THHT HHHT
THTH
TTHH
Number of 1 4 6 4 1
occurrences
Probability 1/16 4/16 OR 1/4 6/16 OR 3/8 1/4 1/16
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

• THE SET OF ALL POSSIBLE VALUES OF


RANDOM VARIABLE X, TOGETHER WITH
THE CORRESPONDING ASSOCIATED
PROBABILITIES
Number of 0 1 2 3 4
Heaads
Probability 1/16 4/16 OR 1/4 6/16 OR 3/8 1/4 1/16
In a computer Laboratory, the teacher
wants to find out if there is a defective
computer. Supposed Three computers were
tested at a random, she asks one of the
Computer Systems Servicing student to list
all possible outcomes such that D
represents the defective computers and N
represents the on defective computer.
Let X be the
random variable POSSIBLE
OUTCOMES
VALUE OF RANDOM
VARIABLE
for DEFECTIVE NNN 0
DNN 1
COMPUTERS. NDN 1
Then, illustrate the NND 1
DDN 2
Probability DND 2
distribution of the NDD 2

random Variable X. DDD 3

X 0 1 2 3
P(X) 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8
PROPERTIES OF PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION. Of Discrete Random
Variable
1. The Probability must be between or equal to 0 (IMPOSSIBLE TO HAPPEN)
and 1 (SURE TO HAPPEN.
2. 0 ≤ P(X) ≤ 1. and it is PROPER FRACTION.
3. The sum of all possibilities of all values of the random variable must be
equal to 1. ( ∑p(X)=1 )

X 0 1 2 3
P(X) 1/8 or 0.125 3/8 or 0.375 3/8 or 0.375 1/8 or 0.125

No. of Heads 0 1 2 3 4
Probability 1/16 1/4 3/8 1/4 1/16
1. Determine if the distribution below is a
discrete probability distribution.
X 1 5 7 8 9
P(X) 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3

P(1) +P(5)+ P(7)+P(8)+P(9) =


11/3 + 1/3 + 1/3 +1/3 +1/3
= 1 5/3 = 1
Not a Discrete 5/3 ≠ 1
Probability Distribution
1. Determine if the distribution below is a
discrete probability distribution.
X 1 3 5 7
P(X) 0.35 0.25 0.28 0.12

P(1) +P(3)+ P(5)+P(7) =


1
0.35 + 0.25+0.28+0.12

= 1 1=
1
Discrete Probability
Distribution
 Goldens Bakery is known for its famous Filipino delicacies.
Among these foods which is a native delicious food called
“kakanin” is a “leche puto”. The bakeshop owner recorded the
number of boxes of “leche puto” that were delivered each
day. The days is shown below.
DAY 1 NUMBER OF BOXES NUMBER OF PROBABILITIES
(X) BOXES (X) P(x)
1 35 35 1/10
2 37 37 2/10 OR 1/5
3 50 40 1/10
4 45 42 2/10 OR 1/5
5 37 45 3/10
6 45 50 1/10
7 40
8 42
9 45
10 42
No. of 35 37 40 42 45 50
Boxes
(X)
Probabilit 1/10 1/5 1/10 1/5 3/10 1/10
y

 What is the probability that 40 or more boxes will be


delivered on a day?

P(X≥40)= P(40) + P(42)+ P(45) + P(50)


= 1/10 + 1/5 + 3/10 + 1/10
= 7/10
No. of 35 37 40 42 45 50
Boxes
(X)
Probabilit 1/10 1/5 1/10 1/5 3/10 1/10
y

 What is the probability that the number of boxes


delivered will be atleast 37 but atmost 45?

P(37≤ X < 50)= P(37) + P(40)+ P(42) +


P(45)
= 1/5 + 1/10 + 1/5 + 3/10
= 8/10 or 4/5 or 0.8
No. of 35 37 40 42 45 50
Boxes
(X)
Probabilit 1/10 1/5 1/10 1/5 3/10 1/10
y

 What is the probability that atmost 40 boxes will


delivered on a particular day??

P(X ≤ 40)= P(35) + P(37)+ P(40)


= 1/10 + 1/5 + 1/10
= 4/10 or 2/5 or 0.4
No. of 35 37 40 42 45 50
Boxes
(X)
Probabilit 1/10 1/5 1/10 1/5 3/10 1/10
y

FIND:
P(X ≤ = P(35) + P(37)+ P(40) + P(42) P(45)
45)
= 1/10 + 1/5 + 1/10 + 1/5 + 3/10

= 9/10 or 0.9
 Mean of a Discrete Random
Variable
The Mean µ (EXPECTED VALUE)of a discrete
random variable is the central value or
average of its corresponding probability
mass function.

µ = ∑ 𝑋.𝑃(𝑥) Where X is the outcome and

Ex= µ 𝑥
p(x) is the probability of the outcome.
The Mean µ (EXPECTED VALUE)

E(X)= 𝑋1.𝑃(𝑥1 ) + 𝑋2.𝑃(𝑥2 )……. 𝑋n.𝑃(𝑥n )


E(X) = ∑ 𝑋.𝑃(𝑥)
3 STEPS IN FINDING THE
MEAN
Step 1: Construct the probability distribution for
the random variable X.

Step 2: Multiply the value of the random


variable X by the corresponding probability.

Step 3: Add the results obtained in Step 2.


 Find the mean of the random variable X
representing the number of red color
chocolates per 160-gram pack of colored
chocolate packages that has the following
probability distribution.

µ=
5.63
VARIANCE AND STANDARD
DEVIATION OF A RANDOM
VARIABLE
 The variance and standard
deviation are two values that
describe how scattered or spread
out the scores are from the mean
value of the random variable.
VARIANCE: STANDARD

= ∑ (𝑥 − Μ )².P(X)
DEVIATION:

Μ)².P(𝑥)
= ∑(𝑥 −

µ - mean
σ² – variance
σ – standard deviation
p(x) – probability of the
outcome
 The number of cars sold per day at a local car dealership,
along with its corresponding probabilities, is shown in the
succeeding table. Compute the variance and the standard
deviation of the probability distribution.

Number of Cars Probability P(X)


Sold X
0 10%
1 20%
2 30%
3 20%
4 20%
To Solve for Standard Deviation:
Get the square root of the
variance

σ ² = ∑(𝑥 − µ)²p(x)
σ ² = 1.56 (VARIANCE)

σ = √1.56
σ = 1.25 (STANDARD DEVIATION)
SEATWORK:

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