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Initializing variables

The document explains the process of initializing variables in programming, emphasizing the importance of assigning valid data and understanding variable scope, which distinguishes between global and local variables. It also covers constant variables, which maintain fixed values, and the significance of data types in determining the storage space required for variables in Arduino programming. Additionally, it mentions the ability to declare multiple variables of the same data type in a single line to optimize code efficiency.

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1 views

Initializing variables

The document explains the process of initializing variables in programming, emphasizing the importance of assigning valid data and understanding variable scope, which distinguishes between global and local variables. It also covers constant variables, which maintain fixed values, and the significance of data types in determining the storage space required for variables in Arduino programming. Additionally, it mentions the ability to declare multiple variables of the same data type in a single line to optimize code efficiency.

Uploaded by

zamrockkzbinarcidy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Initializing variables

• Initializing variables means assigning a starting value


to a variable during declaration or within the program.
For purposes of good programming practice, you need
to ensure that a variable has valid data in it. An
assignment operator will be used to assign a specific
value to be stored in that variable. This can be done
using a single equal sign (=) after the name of the
variable.
Example:
1 int inputVariablel = 7;
2 float pi = 3.1416;
3
4 void setup ( ) {
5 // put your setup code here , to run
6 once
7
8 }
Variable Scope
• Another thing you need to consider when declaring a
variable is the part where you will declare it in the
program. The scope of the variable refers to the
visibility or accessibility of the variable within the
program. The part where you declare the variable may
identify the scope of the variable.
• If you noticed , the variable is declared on top of the
setup ( ) function. This is because of the variables are
intended to be accessed or visible with other functions
within the entire program. This is referred to as global
variables. In Arduino programming, once a variable is
declared outside the function, it is considered as a
Global variable. This differentiates it from the Local
Variable , which is declared inside a specific function
only. As your program becomes more complex , the
scope of the variable will be very useful to ensure which
specific function could acces certain variables , to avoid
possible program of logical error.
Constant variables
• Variables that are declared as constant are those
variables with a fixed value that do not change
throughout the program. If the variable will represent
where a device is connected to the Arduino
Microcontroller code, it will be best if the variable ; is
created
1 as constant.
const int sensorPin = 2;
2
3 void setup( ) {
4 // put your setup code here, to run once;
5
6 }
• If you noticed , the variable is declared on top of the setup ( )
function. This is because of the variables are intended to be
accessed or visible with other functions within the entire
program. This is referred to as global variables. In Arduino
programming, once a variable is declared outside the function,
it is considered as a Global variable. This differentiates it from
the Local Variable , which is declared inside a specific function
only. As your program becomes more complex , the scope of
the variable will be very useful to ensure which specific
function could access certain variables , to avoid possible
program of logical error. Const int sensorPi = 2 ; - this
creates a constant integer type of variable named as
sensorPin with 2 as the assigned value. An error will be
encountered if the programmer tries to change the value of
this variable in any part of the Arduino sketch.
Data Type
• As started earlier , specifying the data type is needed in
declaring a variable. Aside from identifying the type of
data. A variable will store, it will also specify the amount
of space to be allotted for it in the storage or RAM. Data
type in Arduino programming is almost the same with
other programming languages like C++ programming.
Data Type
• The table below introduces the common of data types
used in studying basic Arduino Programming.

Data Type Description Arduino (RAM) Usage

boolean Holds true or false value. 1 byte


char Stores a character value. 1 byte
int Primary data type for whole number storage 4 bytes
commonly in 16 bits (2 bytes).
float Stores number with floating or decimal point. 4
Example: We use int because 7 is
a whole number
integer.
1 int inputVariablel = 7;
2 float pi = 3.1416;
3
4 void setup ( ) {
5 // put your setup code here , to run
6 once
7
We use float since Pi
8 } is a decimal number
Multiple Variable Declaration
• Variables with the same data can be declared with a
single line to save space on your final output file. Each
variable declaration must be separated by a comma
( , ).

1 const int LED = 2, motor Al= 3, motorBl= 5;


2
3 void setup( ) {
4 // put your setup code here, to run once;
5
6 }

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