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CH 1

The document provides an introduction to functional programming and Haskell, highlighting the distinction between functional and imperative programming styles. It outlines the historical development of functional languages, starting from Alonzo Church's lambda calculus in the 1930s to the establishment of Haskell in 1987 and its subsequent innovations. Additionally, it includes a simple example of summing integers in both Java and Haskell to illustrate the differences in computation methods.

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Justin Wong
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7 views15 pages

CH 1

The document provides an introduction to functional programming and Haskell, highlighting the distinction between functional and imperative programming styles. It outlines the historical development of functional languages, starting from Alonzo Church's lambda calculus in the 1930s to the establishment of Haskell in 1987 and its subsequent innovations. Additionally, it includes a simple example of summing integers in both Java and Haskell to illustrate the differences in computation methods.

Uploaded by

Justin Wong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROGRAMMING IN HASKELL

Chapter 1 - Introduction

1
What is a Functional Language?

Opinions differ, and it is difficult to give a


precise definition, but generally speaking:

 Functional programming is style of


programming in which the basic method
of computation is the application of
functions to arguments;

 A functional language is one that supports


and encourages the functional style.
2
Example

Summing the integers 1 to 10 in Java:

int total = 0;
for (int i = 1; i  10; i++)
total = total + i;

The computation method is variable assignment.

3
Example

Summing the integers 1 to 10 in Haskell:

sum [1..10]

The computation method is function application.

4
Historical Background

1930s:

Alonzo Church develops the lambda


calculus, a simple but powerful theory
of functions.
5
Historical Background

1950s:

John McCarthy develops Lisp, the first


functional language, with some influences
from the lambda calculus, but retaining
variable assignments. 6
Historical Background

1960s:

Peter Landin develops ISWIM, the first


pure functional language, based
strongly on the lambda calculus, with
no assignments. 7
Historical Background

1970s:

John Backus develops FP, a functional


language that emphasizes higher-
order functions and reasoning about
programs. 8
Historical Background

1970s:

Robin Milner and others develop ML, the


first modern functional language, which
introduced type inference and
polymorphic types. 9
Historical Background

1970s - 1980s:

David Turner develops a number of lazy


functional languages, culminating in the
Miranda system.
10
Historical Background

1987:

An international committee starts the


development of Haskell, a standard lazy
functional language.
11
Historical Background

1990s:

Phil Wadler and others develop type


classes and monads, two of the main
innovations of Haskell.
12
Historical Background

2003:

The committee publishes the Haskell


Report, defining a stable version of the
language; an updated version was
published in 2010. 13
Historical Background

2010-date:

Standard distribution, library support,


new language features, development
tools, use in industry, influence on other
languages, etc. 14
A Taste of Haskell

f [] = []
f (x:xs) = f ys ++ [x] ++ f zs
where
ys = [a | a  xs, a  x]
zs = [b | b  xs, b > x]

? 15

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