Application of

Information and
Communication •Lecture 1
Technologies(2+ •By: Ms Kahkishan Sanam
1)
 Purpose of The Course

• Give an overview of what computers are and

what they can do
• Help you do everyday tasks and prepare you
to make use of Computers in your field.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Marking

S. # Grading % of Total Marks

1. Theoretical Assignments 10
2. Lab Assignments + Participation 5

3. Quizzes 10
4. Lab Tests 5
5. Project Report 5
6. Project Presentation 5
7. Mid-Term Exam 25
8. Final-Term Exam 35
9. Total 100

Quizzes will be surprise. That is at the start of end

of any class quiz can be taken.
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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Text Books

1. Discovering Computers, Shelly Cashman Series

2. Computer Fundamental, P. K. Sinah
3. Introduction to Computers, Noel Kalicharan
4. An Invitation to Computer Sciences, Scheinder, G. Michael, Latest
Edition
5. Information Technology in Perspective, Larry & Nancy Long, Latest
Edition
6. The Concepts of Information Technology, Imran Saeed, Latest Edition
7. Introduction to Computers, Peter Norton, Latest Edition
8. Electronic Material
•

• Other material will be mentioned in the last slide for every

lecture

• Please do not rely on slides alone, if you want to do well in this

course make sure
Copyright you
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Cengage the book asbewell.
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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Computers

• A computer is an electronic device, operating under

the control of instructions stored in its own memory

Accepts Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)

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a publicly accessible Chapter
website, 1
in whole or in part.
5
1-5
Is A computer Intelligent??

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Is A computer Intelligent??

• NO!!!!
• The are nothing like a human brain
• Computers can only follow instructions blindly
• The instructions that we give to the computer
to perform a certain task are called programs

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Is A computer Intelligent??

• To understand how dumb a computer is

consider the following example
• You have created a Robot that of course has a
computer as a brain.
• You want that robot to go to the market and
fetch you an ice cream
• Consider what instruction would you need to
give to the robot?

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 What can a Computer DO?

• A computer can process data very quickly

• It can perform millions of calculations in
seconds

BUT........
• Still it is not intelligent
• It can only follow instructions.
• It can not make its own decisions
• Humans have to tell the computer exactly
what to do.
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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Today’s Technology (1 of 2)

• Because technology changes, you must keep up

with the changes to remain digitally literate
• Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge
and understanding of computers, mobile devices,
the web, and related technologies

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Today’s Technology (2 of 2)

Figure 1-1 People use a variety of computers, mobile devices, and apps
every day.
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 Computers (1 of 5)
• A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-12
 Computers (2 of 5)

• Laptop

Figure 1-2 A laptop is a widely used type of computer.

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 Computers (3 of 5)

• Tablet

Figure 1-3 A slate tablet.

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 Computers (4 of 5)

• Desktop and All-in-One

Figure 1-4 Some desktops have a separate tower; all-in-ones do not.

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 Computers (5 of 5)

• Server

Figure 1-5 A server provides services to other computers or devices on a network.

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 Mobile and Game Devices

• Smartphone
• Digital camera
• Portable and digital media player
• E-book reader
• Wearable device
• Game device

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Data and Information (1 of 14)
Data is a collection of
unprocessed items, which can
include text, numbers, images,
audio and video.
Information conveys meaning
to users.

Figure 1-12 A computer processes data into

information. In this simplified example, the item
ordered, item price, quantity ordered, and amount
received all represent data (input). The computer
processes the data to produce the cash register
receipt (information, or output).

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 Data and Information (2 of 14)
• A keyboard contains keys you press to enter data
and instructions into a computer or mobile device

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 Data and Information (3 of 14)

Figure 1-13 Users have a variety of options for entering typed text.

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 Data and Information (4 of 14)
• A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to
control a small symbol on a screen, called the pointer
• Some mobile devices and computers enable you to
speak data instructions using voice input and to capture
live full-motion images using video input

Figure 1-14 A mouse and a touchpad.

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 Data and Information (5 of 14)

Figure 1-15 You can speak instructions into a microphone or wireless headset and
capture live video on a webcam for a video call.

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 Data and Information (6 of 14)
• A scanner is a light-sensing input device that converts
printed text and images into a form the computer can
process

Figure 1-16 A Scanner.

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 Data and Information (7 of 14)

• An output device is any hardware component that

conveys information from a computer or mobile
device to one or more people
• A printer is an output device that produces text
and graphics on a physical medium, such as paper
or other material
– A 3-D printer can print solid objects, such as clothing,
eyewear, implants, toys, parts, prototypes, and more

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Data and Information (8 of 14)

Figure 1-17 A printer can produce a variety of printed output including photos and
3-D solid objects.

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 Data and Information (9 of 14)
• A display is an output device that visually conveys
text, graphics, and video information

Figure 1-18 Displays vary depending on the computer or mobile device.

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 Data and Information (10 of 14)
• Speakers allow you to hear audio such as music,
voice, and other sounds
– Earbuds
– Headphones

Figure 1-19 In a crowded environment where speakers are not practical, users can
wear headphones to hear music, voice, and other audio.

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 Data and Information (11 of 14)

• Memory consists of electronic components that

store instructions waiting to be executed and the
data needed by those instructions.
• A computer keeps data, instructions, and
information on storage media
• A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves
(reads) items to and from storage media

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Data and Information (12 of 14)

Hard Disk Solid-State Drive

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 Data and Information (13 of 14)

USB Flash Drive Memory Card

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-30
Data and Information (14 of 14)

Optical Disc Cloud Storage

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 The Web (1 of 8)

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer

networks that connects millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions, and
individual

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 The Web (2 of 8)

Figure 1-27 The Internet is the largest computer network, connecting millions of
computers and devices around the world.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-33
 The Web (3 of 8)

• The World Wide Web (or web, for short) is a global

library of information available to anyone
connected to the Internet
• The web consists of a worldwide collection of
electronic documents, each of which is called a
webpage
• A website is a collection of related webpages
• A web server is a computer that delivers
requested webpages to your computer or mobile
device

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 The Web (4 of 8)

Figure 1-28 Webpages, such as the one shown here, can display text, graphics,
audio, and video on a computer or mobile device. Pointing to a link on the screen
typically changes the shape of the pointer to a small hand with a pointing index
finger.
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 The Web (5 of 8)
• A browser is software that enables users with an
Internet connection to access and view webpages
on a computer or mobile device

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 The Web (6 of 8)
• A search engine is software that finds websites,
webpages, images, videos, news, maps, and other
information related to a specific topic

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 The Web (7 of 8)

• An online social network, also called a social

networking site, is a website that encourages
members in its online community to share their
interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos
with other registered users

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 The Web (8 of 8)

Figure 1-29 When Facebook users share, comment on, or “like” a post, the post
appears on their own personal Facebook pages.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-39
• Online Social Networks (OSNs) are digital platforms
that allow users to connect, interact, and share content
with others. These networks have become a central
part of modern communication, offering various tools
and services for social interaction.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Types of Social Networks:
• General Social Networks: Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and
Instagram where users connect with friends and family.
• Professional Networks: LinkedIn is the prime example, focusing
on professional connections, job hunting, and industry news.
• Media-Sharing Networks: YouTube and Instagram allow users
to share photos and videos with large audiences.
• Discussion Networks: Reddit and Quora are built around
discussions and sharing knowledge or opinions on various topics.
• Niche Networks: Platforms that serve specific groups or
interests, like Goodreads for book lovers or Strava for fitness
enthusiasts.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Internet Communications

• Internet communication refers to the exchange of

information between individuals or groups through the
use of digital tools and platforms over the internet.
These communications can take various forms, such
as text, voice, video, or multimedia.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Key Types of Internet Communication:
• Email (Electronic Mail):One of the oldest and most
commonly used forms of internet communication. Enables
users to send written messages, documents, images, and
other files to recipients. Works through platforms like Gmail,
Outlook, Yahoo Mail, etc.
• Instant Messaging (IM):Real-time communication via text
between users, often on platforms such as WhatsApp,
Facebook Messenger, or Slack. Can also include voice
messages, file sharing, and multimedia. Popular for both
personal and professional communication, often with a
more immediate response than email.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Key Types of Internet Communication:
• Voice Communication: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
allows users to make voice calls over the internet rather
than using traditional telephone lines. Examples: Skype,
WhatsApp, Zoom, and Google Voice.
• Video Communication: Platforms like Zoom, Microsoft
Teams, Google Meet, and Skype facilitate video calls for
meetings, conferences, or personal conversations. Video
communication allows face-to-face interaction, making it
easier to convey tone and emotions, particularly for remote
work and long-distance relationships.

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Digital Safety and Security (1 of 2)

• It is important that users protect their computers

and mobile devices
– Viruses and Other Malware
– Privacy
– Health Concerns
– Environmental Issues

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Digital Safety and Security (2 of 2)

• Green computing involves reducing the electricity

consumed and environmental waste generated
when using a computer
• Strategies include:
– Recycling
– Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving
features
– Regulating manufacturing processes
– Extending the life of computers
– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced
computers

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Programs and Apps (1 of 6)

• Software, also called a program, tells the

computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
– System Software
 Operating system
 Tools

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Programs and Apps (2 of 6)

Figure 1-30 Shown here are the macOS and Windows operating systems for laptops
and desktops and the Android and iOS operating systems for smartphones. You
interact with these operating system interfaces by clicking or tapping their icons or
tiles.
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 Programs and Apps (3 of 6)
– Applications

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 Programs and Apps (4 of 6)

• Installing a program is the process of setting up the

program to work with a computer or mobile device,
printer, and/or other hardware
• Once installed, you can run a program so that you
can interact with it
• You interact with a program through its user
interface

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 Programs and Apps (5 of 6)

• A software developer, sometimes called a

developer or programmer, is someone who
develops programs and apps or writes the
instructions that direct the computer or mobile
device to process data into information

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Programs and Apps (6 of 6)

Figure 1-31 A software developer writes instructions using Visual Basic (a) to
create Payroll Information window shown here (b).

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1-52
 Communications and Networks (1 of 7)

• In the course of a day, it is likely you use, or use

information generated by, one or more of these
communications technologies
– Chat rooms
– Email
– Fax
– FTP
– GPS

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Communications and Networks (2 of 8)
– Instant messaging
– Internet
– Newsgroups
– Videoconference
– Voice mail
– VoIP

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Communications and Networks (3 of 8)

• A communications device is hardware capable of

transferring items from computers and devices to
transmission media and vice versa

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Communications and Networks (4 of 8)

Figure 1-32 Modems, wireless access, and routers are examples of communications
devices that enable communications between computers/ mobile devices and the
Internet. Notice that some computers and devices communicate via wires, and others
communicate wirelessly.
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 Communications and Networks (5 of 8)

• Examples of wireless communications

technologies include:
– Wi-Fi
– Bluetooth
– Cellular radio

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Communications and Networks (6 of 8)
A network is a collection of computers and devices
connected together, often wirelessly, via
communications devices and transmission media

Figure 1-33 A server manages the resources on a network, and clients access the
resources on the server. This network enables three separate computers to share the
same printer, one wirelessly.
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 Communications and Networks (7 of 8)

• Home Networks
– Connect to the Internet
– Share a single high-speed Internet connection
– Access photos, music, videos, and other content
– Share devices
– Play multiplayer games
– Connect game consoles to the Internet
– Subscribe to and use VoIP
– Interact with other devices in a smart home

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 Communications and Networks (8 of 8)

• Business Networks
– Facilitate communications
– Share hardware
– Share data, information, and software

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Technology Uses
• Education
• Government
• Finance
• Retail
• Entertainment
• Health Care
• Science
• Travel
• Publishing
• Manufacturing
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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Technology Users (1 of 3)

Home User Small/Home Office User

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 Technology Users (2 of 3)

Mobile User Power User

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Technology Users (3 of 3)

Enterprise Use

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 Summary

• Basic computer concepts

• Various methods for input, output, memory, and
storage
• The Internet
• Digital security and safety risks and precautions
• Uses of technology applications in society

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.