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Data Structure and Algorithms Lecture 1

Data structures are methods for storing and organizing data to facilitate access and modifications, categorized into primitive and non-primitive types. They can be linear or non-linear, with examples including arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. Abstract Data Types (ADTs) provide a mathematical model for data manipulation, supporting operations like adding, removing, and accessing items.

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7 views17 pages

Data Structure and Algorithms Lecture 1

Data structures are methods for storing and organizing data to facilitate access and modifications, categorized into primitive and non-primitive types. They can be linear or non-linear, with examples including arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. Abstract Data Types (ADTs) provide a mathematical model for data manipulation, supporting operations like adding, removing, and accessing items.

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zeeshan2026.ansari
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What is Data Structure?

Data structure is a representation of data


and the operations allowed on that data.

• A data structure is a way to store and organize


data in order to facilitate the access and
modifications.

• Data Structure are the method of representing of


logical relationships between individual data
elements related to the solution of a given
problem.
Primitive data structure Non Primitive Data structure

Primitive data structure is the


Non-Primitive data structure is a
data structure that allows you to
data structure that allows you to
store only single data type
store multiple data type values.
values.

integer, boolean, character, float, Array, Linked List, Stack, etc. are
etc. are some examples of some examples of non-primitive
primitive data structures. data structures.

Primitive data structure always


contains some value i.e. these You can store a NULL value in
data structures do not allow you the non-primitive data structures.
to store NULL values.

The size of the primitive data


structures is dependent on the The size of the non-primitive data
type of the primitive data structure is not fixed.
structure.
Basic Data Structure
Basic Data Structures

Linear Data Structures Non-Linear Data Structures

Arrays Linked Lists Stacks Queues Trees Graphs Hash Tables


array

Linked list

queue
tree stack
Selection of Data Structure
The choice of particular data model
depends on two consideration:
It must be rich enough in structure to represent
the relationship between data elements
The structure should be simple enough that one
can effectively process the data when necessary
Types of Data Structure
Linear: In Linear data structure, values are
arrange in linear fashion.
Array: Fixed-size
Linked-list: Variable-size
Stack: Add to top and remove from top
Queue: Add to back and remove from front
Priority queue: Add anywhere, remove the
highest priority
Types of Data Structure
Non-Linear: The data values in this structure are
not arranged in order.
 Hash tables: Unordered lists which use a ‘hash function’
to insert and search
 Tree: Data is organized in branches.
 Graph: A more general branching structure, with less
strict connection conditions than for a tree
Type of Data Structures
Homogenous: In this type of data structures,
values of the same types of data are stored.
Array

Non-Homogenous: In this type of data structures,


data values of different types are grouped and
stored.
Structures
Classes
Abstract Data Type and Data
Structure
Definition:-
 Abstract Data Types (ADTs) stores data and allow
various operations on the data to access and change it.
 A mathematical model, together with various operations
defined on the model
 An ADT is a collection of data and associated operations
for manipulating that data

Data Structures
 Physical implementation of an ADT
 data structures used in implementations are provided in
a language (primitive or built-in) or are built from the
language constructs (user-defined)
 Each operation associated with the ADT is implemented by one
or more subroutines in the implementation
Abstract Data Type
ADTs support abstraction, encapsulation, and
information hiding.

Abstraction is the structuring of a problem into


well-defined entities by defining their data and
operations.

The principle of hiding the used data structure


and to only provide a well-defined interface is
known as encapsulation.
The Core Operations of ADT
Every Collection ADT should provide a
way to:
add an item
remove an item
find, retrieve, or access an item

Many, many more possibilities


is the collection empty
make the collection empty
give me a sub set of the collection
• No single data structure works well for all
purposes, and so it is important to know the
strengths and limitations of several of them
Stacks
Collection with access only to the last
element inserted
Last in first out Data4 Top

insert/push Data3
remove/pop
Data2
top
make empty Data1
Queues
Collection with access only to the item that
has been present the longest
Last in last out or first in first out
enqueue, dequeue, front
priority queues and dequeue
Front Back

Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4


List
A Flexible structure, because can grow and
shrink on demand.
Elements can be:
 Inserted
 Accessed
 Deleted
At any position
last
first
Tree
A Tree is a collection of elements called nodes.
One of the node is distinguished as a root, along with a
relation (“parenthood”) that places a hierarchical structure
on the nodes.
Root

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