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Lecture 19-20 - Airfoil

The document discusses the fundamentals of applied aerodynamics, focusing on airfoil nomenclature and characteristics. It explains key concepts such as mean camber line, chord line, angle of attack, lift, and drag, as well as the pressure distribution that generates lift on an airplane wing. Additionally, it covers the aerodynamic center and the relationship between airflow over the airfoil surfaces.

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Ayesha Saddiqa
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27 views46 pages

Lecture 19-20 - Airfoil

The document discusses the fundamentals of applied aerodynamics, focusing on airfoil nomenclature and characteristics. It explains key concepts such as mean camber line, chord line, angle of attack, lift, and drag, as well as the pressure distribution that generates lift on an airplane wing. Additionally, it covers the aerodynamic center and the relationship between airflow over the airfoil surfaces.

Uploaded by

Ayesha Saddiqa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Aerodynamics
Lecture – (19-20)

Airfoil
02/21/2025 2
Road Map for Chapter 5
Airfoil
Airfoil Nomenclature
Consider the wing of an airplane, as sketched in Fig. 5.2. The
cross-sectional shape obtained by the intersection of the wing
with the perpendicular plan is called an airfoil.
Airfoil Nomenclature
Mean Camber Line: The locus of points halfway between upper and
lower surfaces.
Chord Line: The straight line connecting the leading and trailing
edges of the airfoil.
Chord: The precise from the leading edge to the trailing edge
measured along the chord line. It is defined by symbol c.
Camber: The maximum distance between the mean camber line and
the chord line.
The camber, the shape of the mean camber line, and to a lesser
extent the thickness distribution of the airfoil essentially control the lift
and moment characteristics of the airfoil.
Airfoil Nomenclature
Free-stream Velocity : the velocity of air far up-stream of the airfoil.
The direction of is defined as relative wind.
Angle of Attack : the angle between the relative wind and the chord
line.
Lift L : The component of the aerodynamic force perpendicular to the
relative wind.
Drag D : The component of the aerodynamic force parallel to the
relative wind.

Lift, Drag and Moment vary with


changing of 𝜶, however, there exists
a point on the airfoil about which the
moment dose not change with 𝜶,
this point is called the aerodynamic
centre, which is normally very close
to quarter-chord-point. .
Aerofoil Characteristics
Aerofoil Characteristics
NACA Series Airfoil Interpretation
NACA Series Airfoil Interpretation
NACA Series Airfoil Interpretation
NACA Series Airfoil Interpretation
NACA Series Airfoil Interpretation
NACA Series Airfoil Interpretation
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
The fundamental source of lift is the pressure distribution over the
wing surface as the below, which illustrates the low pressure on the
top surface and the high pressure on the bottom surface resulting the
net lift.
Why Airplane Fly
Consider the flow over an airfoil as sketched, where the two stream tubes A
and B are shown on the upper and bottom surfaces of the airfoil. A flow
towards the airfoil senses the upper portion of the airfoil as an obstruction,
and the stream tube A must move out of the away of this obstruction. In
doing so the stream tube A is squashed to a smaller cross-sectional area as it
flows over the leading edge of the airfoil, resulting higher velocity (because
of continuity equation ). However, the bottom surface of airfoil presents
less obstruction and stream tube B is not squashed, hence flow velocity in
stream tube B remains low or less than that in A. The flow velocity on
upper surface is on the average higher than on the bottom surface due to
squashing of streamline A compared to streamline B.
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Why Airplane Fly
Angle of Attack
Angle of Incidence of Airplane
Sources of Aerodynamic Force on Airfoil
Sources of Aerodynamic Force on Airfoil
Sources of Aerodynamic Force on Airfoil
Centre of Pressure
Centre of Pressure
Total Lift
Existence of Moment
Aerodynamic Centre
Thanks

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