General Biology 1

LESSON 9

STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS OF THE
CELL MEMBRANE
MELC
1. Describe the structural components of the cell
membrane
2. Relate the structure and composition of the cell
membrane to its function
OBJECTIVES
1. identify the three major constituents of the cell
membrane;
2. distinguish the different composition of the cell
membrane;
3. explain the importance of the structural components of
the cell membrane;
4. explain how the arrangement of molecules provides
fluidity to the cell;
WHAT’S NEW
Identify the different components of the cell
membrane
6 4 1 3

8 5
7 2
6
WHAT I KNOW
1. All of the following best describe a cell membrane EXCEPT.
a. It regulate what enters and leaves the cell
b. It fight bacteria and viruses that enters the cell
c. It provide rigid support and protection to the cell
d. It make sure that each cell can move

2. The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is said to be

“amphipathic” in
nature. What does amphipathic mean?
a. Having hydrophobic part
b. Having hydrophilic part
c. Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts
d. Having more than one molecule
3. What type of cell membrane protein regulates the movement of
hydrophilic molecules through membrane?
a. Transport protein
b. Receptor protein
c. Recognition protein
d. All of the above

4. What molecules play an important role in controlling cell

membrane fluidity?
a. phospholipid
b. cholesterol
c. membrane protein
d. glycoprotein
5. What is a fluid mosaic model?
a. Organization of the cell membrane
b. Allows substance to pass through cell membrane
c. Maintain balance in a cells survival
d. The phospholipid bilayer
6. Which biomolecule is not found in the cell membrane?
a. lipid
b. protein
c. carbohydrate
d. nucleic acid
7. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the cell membrane?
a. Selectively permeable
b. Made up of lipid layer
c. Amphipathic in nature
d. Physical and chemical barrier which separates the inside and
outside of
the cell.
8. The proportion of lipids and proteins in the cell membrane
is almost always
50:50 or 1:1. This statement is
a. Correct
b. Incorrect
c. Almost always correct
9. d. Neither correctthat
The molecules or incorrect
play an important role in controlling
cell membrane fluidity is _________.
a. phospholipid
b. cholesterol
c. membrane protein
d. glycoprotein
10. What type of biomolecule is attached to the external side
of the membrane protein?
a. Protein
b. Carbohydrate
c. Lipid
d. Nucleic acid
11. All of the following statement about cell membrane fluidity are correct
EXCEPT.
a. Membrane fluidity allows for interactions to take place within the
membrane.
b. Membrane fluidity makes it possible for clusters of membrane proteins
to
assemble at particular sites.
c. Because of membrane fluidity, molecules that interact can come
together,
carry out the necessary reaction, and move apart.
d. The fluidity of the cell membrane helps maintains its role as a rigid
barrier
12. The
betweenfluidthe
mosaic model
inside and describes
outside parts
of the cell of the cell
environment.
membrane such as
proteins and phospholipids as ____________.
a. Floating laterally throughout the space
b. Tethered to one place in the membrane
c. As existing only on the cytoplasmic side of the cell
d. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecule.
13. Which statement best describes how cholesterol affects cell membrane fluidity?
a. Cholesterol increases fluidity at high temperature and decreases fluidity at
low temperature.
b. Cholesterol increases fluidity at high temperature and increases fluidity at low
temperature.
c. Cholesterol decreases fluidity at high temperature and decreases fluidity at
low temperature.
d. Cholesterol decreases fluidity at high temperature and increases fluidity at
low temperature.

14. Which biomolecule is not found in the cell membrane?

a. lipid
b. protein
c. carbohydrate
d. nucleic acid
15. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the cell
membrane?
a. Selectively permeable
b. Made up of lipid layer
c. Amphipathic in nature
d. Physical and chemical barrier which separates the inside
and outside of
the cell.
WHAT’S IN – FACT OF BLUFF

1. The cell membrane

F
disintegrates during the
U
late phase of mitosis.
L
B F
WHAT’S IN – FACT OF BLUFF

2. In cytokinesis, the

F
LU
division of the cytoplasm
that happen both in plant
B F
and animal cells does not
involve the cell membrane.
WHAT’S IN – FACT OF BLUFF

3. Cytokinesis in animal

cells starts
C T
with the
constriction
membrane
FAin
during
the cell
late
anaphase or early
telophase.
WHAT’S IN – FACT OF BLUFF
4. The cell membrane forms
and create cleavage furrow

C T
that grows deeper between

FA
the two cells until they
pinch off and separate to
form two separate daughter
cells.
WHAT’S IN – FACT OF BLUFF

5. In plant cells,

F
cytokinesis
LUinvolves the
formation and insertion of a
B F
new cell membrane that
separate daughter nuclei
after mitosis.
Video Presentation
Inside the Cell Membrane by
Amoeba Sisters
https://youtu.be/qBCVVszQQNs
WHAT IS A CELL MEMBRANE?
Plasma Membrane
physical and chemical barrier
separates the inside and outside
of the cell
bilayer of lipid with embedded
proteins
Who and where the cell membrane
was first discovered….
 Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli
(Naegeli /Nageli)
 Carl Eduard Cramer
 1855
 Swiss botanists
 Plasmalemma /plasma membrane
The Structural Component of the Cell
Membrane

LIPIDS
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATES

 Ratio of Lipids and Proteins

 1:1
 50% Lipids and 50% Proteins
 LIPIDS - PHOSPHOLIPIDS
PHOSPHOLIPID– fundamental building block of cell
membrane
 AMPHIPATHIC molecule – consist of both hydrophobic and
hydrophilic regions
Water loving

Figure 2. The Phospholipid Bilayer

Hydrophobic
Tails
Water-fearing
 The membrane lipids – organized into continuous bilayer
 Hydrophobic regions – are shielded from the aqueous
environment
- poorly soluble in water
- a barrier impenetrable to almost all substances
 Hydrophilic regions – exposed to water content region
 It is semi-permeable – impermeable to water-soluble
molecule
not to water
 Thickness – about 5-10 nm Hydrophobic Tails
PROTEIN
Second major component of the cell
membrane
 3 Classes of Protein
 Integral Protein – integrated into the membrane
- proteins that penetrate the lipid
bilayer Integral Proteins

 Peripheral Protein-
- on the surface of the cell membrane
- found on the cytoplasmic or extracellular side
- do not stick into the hydrophobic core
- tend to be more loosely attached
 Amphitropic – linked to lipid membrane during Peripheral Proteins
specific regulatory events
Different types of membrane
proteins
CARBOHYDRATES
 The third major component of the cell membrane
 Found on the outside surface of the cells
 Bound in protein – GLYCOPROTEINS
 Bound in lipids – GLYCOLIPIDS
 Consist of 2-60 monosaccharide units
 Can be straight or branched

Figure 5. The Fluid Mosaic Model

THE FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
 The CELL MEMBRANE – is constantly moving
 The movement helps in maintaining its role as a
barrier between the inside and outside of the cell
membrane

Figure 5. The Fluid Mosaic Model

FLUIDITY OF A CELL MEMBRANE
 The Fluidity of the cell membrane depends of the
following:
 Lipid composition of the membrane
 Density of integral proteins
 Temperature
 Cholesterol
 High density of integral proteins makes the cell membrane
less fluid.
 High amount of cholesterol makes the cell membrane
remains fluid
Fatty Acids and Cholesterol
play an important role in the fluidity of the
cell membrane

 FATTY ACID TAILS – determine

how fluid is the membrane
 SATURATED FATTY ACIDS – no
double bonds, straight, make
cell membrane stiffer
 UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS –
Contain one or more double
bond, bend or kink , make cell
membrane less tightly packed
that results in the increase of
fluidity
ROLE OF CHOLESTEROL
 CHOLESTEROL – helps in maintaining
its fluidity across a wide range of
temperatures
 Itminimize the effects of
temperature on fluidity
 LOW TEMPERATURE – increases the
fluidity
 HIGH TEMPERATURE – reduces fluidity
 Cholesterol expands the range of
temperatures at which a membrane
maintains a functional healthy fluidity.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MEMBRANE
FLUIDITY
 It provides a perfect compromise between a rigid structure
and a completely fluid environment.
 It allows interactions to take place within the membrane
 Basic cellular processes depend on the fluidity of the cell
membrane
 Cell movement
 Cell growth
 Cell division
 Formation of intercellular junctions
 Secretion
 endocytosis
WHAT’S MORE
 1.
How is phospholipid arranged in the cell
membrane?
 2.How does the arrangement of different
structural components of the cell membrane
contribute to its fluidity?
 3.
Aside from cell membrane, where else can
you find a bilayer of lipid?
WHAT’S MORE
1. How is phospholipid arranged in
the cell membrane?
Itis arranged into a bilayer with its
hydrophilic head facing outward and
hydrophobic tail facing inward.
WHAT’S MORE
 2. How does the arrangement of different structural
components the cell membrane contribute to its
fluidity?
 At cooler temperature the straight tails of saturated fatty
acids can pack tightly together, making a dense and rigid
cell membrane, while unsaturated fatty acid tails cannot
packed together because of its bent structure, thus
maintaining its fluidity.
 At low temperature, Cholesterol increases the fluidity,
while at high temperature it reduces fluidity.
A high density of integral protein reduces the fluidity.
WHAT’S MORE
3. Aside from cell membrane,
where else can you find a bilayer
of lipid?
Nucleus, mitochondria and
Chloroplasts also have
phospholipid bilayer.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
 1. The Cell Membrane

is a physical barrier which separates the inside and

outside of the cell providing fixed environmnet inside the
cell.
 2. Amphipathic molecule is

a molecule consisting of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic

regions. The hydrophilic regions is the head containing
phosphate group; the hydrophobic regions are their fatty
acid tails.
 3. The different membrane proteins in the phospholipid
bilayer are
integral protein and peripheral protein.

 4. Glycoproteins are
the carbohydrates chain attached to the peripheral
proteins.

 5. The fluidity of the cell membrane helps

to provides a perfect compromise between a rigid
structure which makes mobility absent and a completely
fluid where mechanical support would be lacking.
 6. Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids
Have no double bonds, so they are straight while
unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bond
resulting in a bend or kink.

 7. Cholesterol makes it possible for the cell membrane to

maintain its fluidity across a wide range of temperature

It minimize the effects of temperature on fluidity.
WHAT I CAN DO - BUILDING A
STRUCTURE
 Make a fluid mosaic model of the cell
membrane.
 Youmay use recyclable or indigenous materials
of your choice.
 RUBRICS:

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Scientific Knowledge Explanation indicates a Explanation indicates an Explanation indicates a Explanation illustrate a
clear and accurate accurate understanding relative accurate little understanding of
understanding of the of the scientific understanding of the the scientific principles.
scientific principles. principles. scientific principles.

Fluidity 3-D model is very 3-D model is creative, 3-D model is creative, 3-D model is somehow
creative, accurate and mostly accurate and somewhat accurate and creative, less accurate
all molecules are clearly molecules are clearly molecules are labeled. and molecules are
labeled. labeled. labeled.

Construction- Appropriate recyclables Appropriate recyclables Appropriate recyclables Appropriate recyclables

Materials and indigenous materials and indigenous materials and indigenous materials and indigenous materials
were selected and were selected and were selected and there are selected.
creatively modified in modified in ways that was an attempt at
ways that made them made them even better. creative modification to
even better. make them even better.

Over-all Appearance Great care taken in Construction is careful Construction is but could Construction appear
construction process so and accurate. have been refined for careless and many
that the structure is more attractive product. details need refinement.
neat, attractive and
accurate.
ASSESSMENT
 15
QUESTIONS ASSESSMENT
THROUGH GOOGLE FORM
 Goto Google classroom or Messenger
GC and click the link for the
Assessment
 10 minutes time alloted
Additional Activities – Analogy
In a real life situation in this time of
pandemic, where can you compare
the
cell membrane.
Briefly explain your answer.

Give an example.
Reflection

 Complete the statement below.

Ilearned that
_________________________________________
Iunderstand that
______________________________________
Irealize that
__________________________________________