Software Testing: Ensuring

Quality & Reliability

A presentation on software testing, covering key concepts,

techniques, and best practices.

Tarun Kumar(122Cs0051)
Aryan Kumar (122CS0043)
Introduction to Software Testing
Definition Importance Key Benefits

Software testing is the process of Identifies bugs, ensures performance Enhances reliability and reduces costs
evaluating and verifying that a ✔ Reduces maintenance costs
• Ensures software reliability,
software product meets the ✔ Improves software performance
security, and efficiency
required specifications and is free of ✔ Ensures compliance with
defects. • Identifies defects before release standards
• Enhances user satisfaction
Why is Software Testing
Crucial?
1 Prevents Failures 2 Ensures Security
Prevents software failures Identifies vulnerabilities to
that can lead to financial prevent security breaches
and reputational losses

3 Improves Performance 4 Reduces post-release

maintenance effort
Enhances software
performance and usability It reduces after production
maintenance cost.

5 Expectation
Ensures software meets user expectations
Types of Software Testing
Manual Testing
✔ Performed by human testers
✔ No tools required
✔ Time-consuming but useful for exploratory testing

Automated Testing
✔ Uses testing tools and scripts
✔ Faster execution
✔ Reduces human errors

Functional Testing
Verifies that the software works as expected (e.g., Unit Testing,
Integration Testing).

Non-Functional Testing
Tests performance, security, and usability aspects.
Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)
Requirement Analysis 1
• The testing team analyzes and understands the functional and
non-functional requirements.
2 Test Planning
• Identifies testable aspects of the application and any
ambiguities in requirements. • Defines the testing objectives, scope, and strategy.
• Involves collaboration with developers, business analysts, and • Determines required tools, resources, schedules, and budget.
stakeholders. • Identifies potential risks and mitigation strategies.

Test Case Development 3

• Testers write detailed test cases covering different scenarios.
• Prepare input data, expected output, and define pass/fail criteria.
4 Test Execution
• Peer review test cases to ensure completeness.
• Running test cases manually or using automation tools.
• Logging defects if expected and actual outcomes do not match.
Test Closure 5 • Re-testing fixed defects and performing regression testing.
• Evaluating test reports, defect trends, and overall testing performance.
• Documenting lessons learned, best practices, and final test coverage.
• Providing feedback to the development team for future improvements.
Levels of Testing
Unit Testing
• Focuses on testing individual components such as functions, methods, or classes in isolation.
1
• Ensures that each module works as intended before integration with other parts of the system.
• Typically performed by developers using frameworks like JUnit (Java), PyTest (Python), GoogleTest (C++), and Mocha (JavaScript).

Integration Testing
• Checks how different components interact when combined.
2
• Focuses on data flow and communication between modules.
• Detects issues like incorrect API calls, database misconfigurations, or incompatible interfaces.

System Testing
• Tests the fully integrated software to ensure it meets functional and non-functional requirements.
• Conducted in an environment that mimics real-world usage.
3 • Includes:
• Functional Testing – Verifying features work correctly.
• Performance Testing – Ensuring response time and scalability.
• Security Testing – Checking for vulnerabilities.

UAT(User Acceptance Testing)

• Performed by end users or business stakeholders to ensure the software meets rea
4
• Focuses on usability, user experience, and business requirements.
• Determines whether the system is ready for deployment.
Software Testing Techniques

Black Box Testing White Box Testing Gray Box Testing

✔ Focuses on the functionality of the application without ✔ Tests the internal code structure, logic, and flow of ✔ A combination of Black Box and White Box Testing.
inspecting the internal structure or code. the application. ✔ Testers have limited knowledge of the internal code but
✔ Testers only know the input and expected output, ✔ Requires knowledge of programming and is usually done focus on functional behavior.
without understanding the logic behind it. by developers. ✔ Helps identify data flow issues, security
✔ Used for functional testing, UI testing, and system ✔ Focuses on code coverage, control flow, and security
vulnerabilities. vulnerabilities, and API misconfiguration.
testing.
✔ Includes techniques like:
🛠 Example: A tester with partial knowledge of a database
structure verifies whether incorrect SQL queries can
🛠 Example: A tester enters valid and invalid login
• Statement Coverage: Ensuring each line of code cause failures in a user search feature.
credentials into a banking app and checks if the correct
executes at least once.
message is displayed (e.g., "Login Successful" or "Invalid
Password"). The tester does not need to know how • Branch Coverage: Testing all possible decision-making paths.
authentication is implemented in the code. • Path Coverage: Ensuring all logical paths are tested.

🛠 Example: A developer tests an if-else condition in the

authentication function to ensure that both success and
failure conditions are properly handled in code.
Common Software Bugs & Their
Impact
Functional Bugs Performance Bugs
🔹 Occurs when software behaves 🔹 Affects speed, scalability, and
incorrectly or fails to meet stability of the software.
requirements. 🔹 Can be caused by memory leaks,
🔹 Can cause incorrect calculations, broken inefficient algorithms, or high server
links, or missing functionality. load.
🛠 Example: A banking app fails to process 🛠 Example: A shopping app crashes on
payments due to a bug in the transaction Black Friday due to high traffic, leading to
logic. revenue loss.

Security Bugs UI/UX Bugs – Layout Issues &

🔹 Weak security implementations expose Incorrect Button Behavior
sensitive user data to hackers. 🔹 Impacts user experience by causing
🔹 Includes SQL injection, cross-site misaligned buttons, unreadable text,
scripting (XSS), and authentication or non-functional elements.

flaws. 🔹 Can lead to frustration and user

🛠 Example: In 2017, the Equifax data churn.

breach exposed 147 million users' 🛠 Example: A sign-up button on a

personal data due to an unpatched mobile app does not respond, preventing
security bug. new users from registering.
Automated Testing Tools

Selenium JUnit Appium

✔ An open-source tool for automating web ✔ Used for unit testing in Java ✔ Open-source tool for automating iOS
applications. applications. and Android applications.
✔ Supports multiple programming ✔ Helps developers write and execute test ✔ Supports both native and hybrid
languages like Java, Python, and C#. cases efficiently. mobile applications.
✔ Works with different browsers (Chrome, ✔ Supports annotations, assertions, and ✔ Works with Selenium WebDriver,
Firefox, Edge).
parallel execution. making it easy to integrate with existing
✔ Used for UI testing, functional testing,
frameworks.
and regression testing. 🛠 Example: Testing a Java-based banking
application’s transaction module. 🛠 Example: Testing a ride-sharing app’s
booking and navigation features.
🛠 Example: Automating login and form
submission on an e-commerce website.
Challenges in Software Testing

1 Limited Time & Resources 2 Rapid Changes in Requirements – Agile

✔ Many projects operate under strict deadlines, leaving little time for Development Challenges
comprehensive testing.
✔ Testing teams must prioritize critical features and automate ✔ Frequent requirement changes in Agile and DevOps environments
repetitive tasks. make it difficult to maintain test cases.
✔ New features may introduce unexpected defects in previously tested
✔ Resource constraints (hardware, skilled testers) can limit testing components.
scope. ✔ Continuous testing must adapt to dynamic application updates.
🛠 Example: A mobile banking app must be released within a month,
forcing testers to focus only on core functionalities like login and
transactions, leaving edge cases untested. 🛠 Example: A social media app introduces a new messaging feature,
requiring testers to re-evaluate existing tests to ensure it doesn’t break
existing chat functionalities.

3 Managing Test Environments – Real-World 4 Ensuring 100% Test Coverage – Impossible to

Simulation is Complex Test Every Scenario
✔ Testing software in a controlled lab environment may not reflect real- ✔ Software has infinite possible inputs and use cases, making full
world usage. coverage impractical.
✔ Requires setting up multiple devices, browsers, networks, and OS ✔ Critical bugs may be missed if test cases do not cover rare edge cases.
versions. ✔ Testing prioritization helps focus on high-risk and frequently used
✔ Involves dependencies like databases, APIs, and third-party functionalities.
integrations.
🛠 Example: An e-commerce site must be tested across iOS, Android,
Chrome, and Safari to ensure proper UI/UX consistency, requiring 🛠 Example: A weather forecasting app might fail in extreme conditions
extensive test environment setup. like negative temperatures in tropical regions because it was never
tested for such scenarios.
Best Practices in Software Testing

Start Testing Early Use Both Manual & Automated Testing

✔ Detecting bugs early in the Software Development Life ✔ Manual testing is essential for exploratory, usability, and
Cycle (SDLC) reduces costs and efforts. edge case testing.
✔ Helps prevent major defects that could be costly to fix later. ✔ Automated testing speeds up regression and repetitive
test execution.

Maintain Clear Documentation Perform Regression Testing

✔ Keeps a structured record of test cases, defects, and ✔ Ensures that new updates don’t break existing features.
execution reports. ✔ Automate regression testing to save time and improve
✔ Helps in debugging, audit compliance, and knowledge accuracy.
transfer.

Continuous Testing in DevOps

✔ Integrate testing into CI/CD pipelines to detect bugs early.
✔ Automate unit, integration, and functional tests in every deployment.
Future Trends in Software Testing

AI & Machine Learning in Testing

🚀 AI-driven testing tools analyze past bug reports to
predict areas prone to failure.
🚀 Machine learning automates test case creation and Continuous Testing in DevOps
optimization.
🚀 Integrating continuous testing ensures rapid
feedback during software development.
🚀 Reduces time-to-market and improves software
stability.
Cloud-Based Testing
🚀 Cloud-based platforms allow testing across multiple
OS, browsers, and devices.
🚀 Enables on-demand scalability without expensive
infrastructure. Shift-Left Testing Approach
🚀 Moving testing earlier in SDLC reduces the cost of
fixing bugs.
🚀 Encourages developers to write tests alongside
code (TDD approach).
Conclusion

Software testing is essential for delivering high-quality, secure, and reliable applicati

✔ Various Testing Techniques & Levels Ensure Complete Coverage

• Unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing validate software functionality.

✔ Challenges Exist, but Automation and AI-Driven Testing Improve the Process

• Automated tools enhance accuracy and reduce human effort.

✔ Adopting Best Practices Ensures Successful Software Development

• Early testing, proper documentation, and DevOps integration lead to better software q
Key Takeaways
• Testing is crucial
• Different types of testing
• STLC ensures quality
• Tools aid automation